Article 2 Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:

(1)‘Part-FCL licence’ means a flight crew licence which complies with the requirements of Annex I;

(2)‘JAR’ means joint aviation requirements adopted by the Joint Aviation Authorities as applicable on 30 June 2009;

(3a) ‘Complex aeroplane’ means an aeroplane that meets either of the following characteristics:

(i)with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg;

(ii)certificated for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nineteen;

(iii)certificated for operation with a minimum crew of two pilots;

(iv)equipped with a turbojet engine or turbojet engines or more than one turboprop engine;

(3b) ‘Complex helicopter’ means a helicopter that meets either of the following characteristics:

(i)with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding 3 175 kg; 2/43

(ii)certificated for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine;

(iii)certificated for operation with a minimum crew of two pilots;

(5)‘Non-JAR-compliant licence’ means the pilot licence issued or recognised by a Member State in accordance with national legislation and not having been recommended for mutual recognition in relation to the relevant JAR;

(6)‘Credit’ means the recognition of prior experience or qualifications;

(7)‘Credit report’ means a report on the basis of which prior experience or qualifications may be recognised;

(8)‘Conversion report’ means a report on the basis of which a licence may be converted into a Part-FCL licence;

(8a) “rotorcraft” means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by up to two rotors;

(8b) “vertical take-off and landing (VTOL)-capable aircraft (VCA)” means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, other than aeroplane or rotorcraft, capable of performing vertical take-off and landing by means of lift and thrust units used to provide lift during take-off and landing;

(8c) ‘SEP aeroplane’ means a single-engine, single-pilot aeroplane for which no type rating is required and whose single centric propulsion unit is operated by a single thrust control and driven by either of the following types of engine:

(a)a piston engine;

(b)an electric engine system which, if so specified following the certification process in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, may consist of more than one electric engine;

(c)a hybrid engine system that consists of piston and electric engines, if so specified following the certification process in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012;

(8d) ‘SEP helicopter’ means a single-engine, single-pilot helicopter which is powered by a piston engine;’

(11)‘Cabin crew member’ means an appropriately qualified crew member, other than a flight crew or technical crew member, who is assigned by an operator to perform duties related to the safety of passengers and flight during operations;

(12)‘Aircrew’ means flight crew and cabin crew;

(14)‘acceptable means of compliance (AMC)’ means non-binding standards adopted by the Agency to illustrate means to establish compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its implementing rules;

(15)‘alternative means of compliance (AltMoC)’ means those means that propose an alternative to an existing AMC or those that propose new means to establish compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its implementing rules for which no associated AMC have been adopted by the Agency;

(16)‘approved training organisation (ATO)’ means an organisation which is entitled to provide training to pilots on the basis of an approval issued in accordance with the first subparagraph of Article 10a(1);

(17)‘basic instrument training device (BITD)’ means a ground-based training device for the training of pilots representing the student pilot's station of a class of aeroplanes, which may use screen-based instrument panels and spring-loaded flight controls, and providing a training platform for at least the procedural aspects of instrument flight;

(18)‘certification specifications (CS)’ mean technical standards adopted by the Agency indicating means to be used by an organisation for the purpose of certification;

(19)‘Flight instructor (FI)’ means an instructor with the privileges to provide training in an aircraft in accordance with Subpart J of Annex I (Part-FCL) to this Regulation, Subpart FI of Annex III (Part-BFCL) to Regulation (EU) 2018/395¹, or Subpart FI of Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976²;

(20)‘flight simulation training device (FSTD)’ means a device for the training of pilots which is:

(a)in the case of aeroplanes, a full flight simulator (FFS), a flight training device (FTD), a flight and navigation procedures trainer (FNPT) or a basic instrument training device (BITD);

(b)in the case of helicopters, a full flight simulator (FFS), a flight training device (FTD) or a flight and navigation procedures trainer (FNPT);

(21)‘FSTD qualification’ means the level of technical ability of an FSTD as specified in the certification specifications relating to the FSTD in question;

(22)‘principal place of business’ of an organisation means the head office or registered office of the organisation within which the principal financial functions and operational control of the activities referred to in this Regulation are exercised;

(22a) ‘ARO.RAMP’ means the Subpart RAMP of Annex II to the Regulation on Air Operations;

(22b) ‘Automatically validated’ means the acceptance, without formalities, by an ICAO contracting State listed in the ICAO attachment of a flight crew licence issued by a State in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention;

(22c) ‘ICAO attachment’ means an attachment to an automatically validated flight crew licence issued in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention, which is mentioned under item XIII of the flight crew licence;

(23)‘qualification test guide (QTG)’ means a document established to demonstrate that the performance and handling qualities of an FSTD represent those of the aircraft, class of aeroplane or type of helicopter, simulated within prescribed limits and that all applicable requirements have been met. The QTG includes both the data of the aircraft, class of aeroplane or type of helicopter and FSTD data used to support the validation;

(24)‘declared training organisation (DTO)’ means an organisation which is entitled to provide training to pilots on the basis of a declaration made in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 10a(1);

(25)‘DTO training programme’ means a document established by a DTO, describing in detail the training course provided by that DTO.

[applicable until 29 April 2028 — Regulation (EU) 2024/2076]

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:

(1)‘Part-FCL licence’ means a flight crew licence which complies with the requirements of Annex I;

(2)‘JAR’ means joint aviation requirements adopted by the Joint Aviation Authorities as applicable on 30 June 2009;

(3a) ‘Complex aeroplane’ means an aeroplane that meets either of the following characteristics:

(i)with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding 5 700 kg;

(ii)certificated for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nineteen;

(iii)certificated for operation with a minimum crew of two pilots;

(iv)equipped with a turbojet engine or turbojet engines or more than one turboprop engine;

(3b) ‘Complex helicopter’ means a helicopter that meets either of the following characteristics:

(i)with a maximum certificated take-off mass exceeding 3 175 kg; 2/43

(ii)certificated for a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than nine;

(iii)certificated for operation with a minimum crew of two pilots;

(5)‘Non-JAR-compliant licence’ means the pilot licence issued or recognised by a Member State in accordance with national legislation and not having been recommended for mutual recognition in relation to the relevant JAR;

(6)‘Credit’ means the recognition of prior experience or qualifications;

(7)‘Credit report’ means a report on the basis of which prior experience or qualifications may be recognised;

(8)‘Conversion report’ means a report on the basis of which a licence may be converted into a Part-FCL licence;

(8a) “rotorcraft” means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by up to two rotors;

(8b) “vertical take-off and landing (VTOL)-capable aircraft (VCA)” means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, other than aeroplane or rotorcraft, capable of performing vertical take-off and landing by means of lift and thrust units used to provide lift during take-off and landing;

(8c) ‘SEP aeroplane’ means a single-engine, single-pilot aeroplane for which no type rating is required and whose single centric propulsion unit is operated by a single thrust control and driven by either of the following types of engine:

(a)a piston engine;

(b)an electric engine system which, if so specified following the certification process in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, may consist of more than one electric engine;

(c)a hybrid engine system that consists of piston and electric engines, if so specified following the certification process in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012;

(8d) ‘SEP helicopter’ means a single-engine, single-pilot helicopter which is powered by a piston engine;’

(11)‘Cabin crew member’ means an appropriately qualified crew member, other than a flight crew or technical crew member, who is assigned by an operator to perform duties related to the safety of passengers and flight during operations;

(12)‘Aircrew’ means flight crew and cabin crew;

(14)‘acceptable means of compliance (AMC)’ means non-binding standards adopted by the Agency to illustrate means to establish compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its implementing rules;

(15)‘alternative means of compliance (AltMoC)’ means those means that propose an alternative to an existing AMC or those that propose new means to establish compliance with Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 and its implementing rules for which no associated AMC have been adopted by the Agency;

(16)‘approved training organisation (ATO)’ means an organisation which is entitled to provide training to pilots on the basis of an approval issued in accordance with the first subparagraph of Article 10a(1);

(17)‘basic instrument training device (BITD)’ means a ground-based training device for the training of pilots representing the student pilot's station of a class of aeroplanes, which may use screen-based instrument panels and spring-loaded flight controls, and providing a training platform for at least the procedural aspects of instrument flight;

(18)‘certification specifications (CS)’ mean technical standards adopted by the Agency indicating means to be used by an organisation for the purpose of certification;

(19)‘Flight instructor (FI)’ means an instructor with the privileges to provide training in an aircraft in accordance with Subpart J of Annex I (Part-FCL) to this Regulation, Subpart FI of Annex III (Part-BFCL) to Regulation (EU) 2018/395³, or Subpart FI of Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976⁴;

(20)‘Flight simulation training device (FSTD)’ means a device for pilot training, testing and checking whose qualification certificate includes an FSTD capability signature or an assigned FSTD capability signature, or a legacy FSTD;

(21)‘FSTD qualification’ means the level of technical ability of an FSTD as specified in the certification specifications relating to the FSTD in question;

(22)‘principal place of business’ of an organisation means the head office or registered office of the organisation within which the principal financial functions and operational control of the activities referred to in this Regulation are exercised;

(22a) ‘ARO.RAMP’ means the Subpart RAMP of Annex II to the Regulation on Air Operations;

(22b) ‘Automatically validated’ means the acceptance, without formalities, by an ICAO contracting State listed in the ICAO attachment of a flight crew licence issued by a State in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention;

(22c) ‘ICAO attachment’ means an attachment to an automatically validated flight crew licence issued in accordance with Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention, which is mentioned under item XIII of the flight crew licence;

(23)‘Qualification test guide (QTG)’ means a document established to demonstrate that the FSTD complies with the prescribed tolerances and applicable requirements of the primary reference document(s) for the simulated aircraft type or group of aircraft;

(24)‘declared training organisation (DTO)’ means an organisation which is entitled to provide training to pilots on the basis of a declaration made in accordance with the second subparagraph of Article 10a(1);

(25)‘DTO training programme’ means a document established by a DTO, describing in detail the training course provided by that DTO.

(26)‘CS-FSTD’ means the certification specifications for FSTDs issued by the Agency in accordance with point ORA.FSTD.205 of Annex VII (Part-ORA);

(27)‘FSTD capability signature (FCS)’ means the information that is endorsed on an FSTD qualification certificate, indicating the features and their fidelity levels as well as the aircraft simulated by that FSTD in accordance with CS-FSTD Issue 1 or later;

(28)‘Assigned FSTD capability signature (assigned FCS)’ means the information that is endorsed on the FSTD qualification certificate, indicating the features and the fidelity levels as well as the aircraft simulated by that FSTD, where that FSTD has not been qualified in accordance with CS-FSTD Issue 1;

(29)‘Equipment specification list (ESL)’ means a list that is part of the FSTD qualification and provides accurate and comprehensive information regarding the device qualification and its qualification basis, installed equipment, capabilities and specifications;

(30)‘Primary reference document (PRD)’ means the technical specification or set of technical specifications used to establish the qualification basis for an FSTD;

(31)‘Initial evaluation’ means the first assessment by the competent authority to determine whether an FSTD performs to the standard of the relevant qualification basis;

(32)‘Validation data’ means the ground and flight test data, engineering data and other applicable sources used to objectively confirm that the FSTD reflects the static as well as the dynamic handling and performance characteristics of the simulated aircraft and its relevant systems;

(33)‘Verification’ means, in the context of FSTDs, the process to ensure that an FSTD meets the applicable technical qualification requirements;

(34)‘Recurrent evaluation’ means the periodic assessment by the competent authority subsequent to the initial evaluation to establish whether an FSTD continues to perform to the standard of the relevant qualification basis;

(35)‘Special evaluation’ means any assessment by the competent authority of an FSTD other than the initial and recurrent evaluations;

(36)‘Item’ means, in the context of FSTDs, non-compliance of an FSTD with respect to the applicable requirements of its qualification basis;

(37)‘Modification’ means, in the context of FSTDs, a change to an FSTD;

(38)‘Validation’, in the context of FSTDs, means the process of assessing the capabilities of an FSTD for training, testing and checking;

(39)‘Legacy FSTD’ means an FSTD whose qualification certificate does not include an FCS or assigned FCS and is either of the following:

(a)for aeroplanes, a full flight simulator (FFS), a flight training device (FTD), a flight and navigation procedures trainer (FNPT) or a basic instrument training device (BITD);

(b)for helicopters, a full flight simulator (FFS), a flight training device (FTD) or a flight and navigation procedures trainer (FNPT);

(40)‘Group of aircraft’ means, in the context of FSTDs, aircraft that have similar handling and operational characteristics;

(41)‘Validation data roadmap’ means a document that identifies, in a matrix format, the source or sources of data for all required objective tests of an FSTD together with the applicable rationales or explanations;

(42)‘Engineering report’ means a document produced by the FSTD manufacturer to describe the data and methods used to design and verify an FSTD against the applicable qualification basis;

(43)‘Fly-out’ means a simulated flight performed during the conduct of the function and subjective tests of an FSTD contained in the master QTG (MQTG) by a suitably qualified pilot.

[applicable from 30 April 2028 — Regulation (EU) 2026/781]

¹ Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/395 of 13 March 2018 laying down detailed rules for the operation of balloons pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 71, 14.3.2018, p. 10).

² Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976 of 14 December 2018 laying down detailed rules for the operation of sailplanes pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 326, 20.12.2018, p. 64).

³ Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/395 of 13 March 2018 laying down detailed rules for the operation of balloons pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 71, 14.3.2018, p. 10).

⁴ Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976 of 14 December 2018 laying down detailed rules for the operation of sailplanes pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 326, 20.12.2018, p. 64).