---
title: "List of Abbreviations — Cover Regulation, UAS · Avioverse"
description: "AEC airspace encounter category AEH airborne electronic hardware AGL above ground level AIP aeronautical information publication AMC acceptable means of…"
url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/uas/cover-regulation/general/list-of-abbreviations"
---

# List of Abbreviations

Cover Regulation · Regulations (EU) 2019/947 and 2019/945 · EAR revision 29 Jun 2026

IR Implementing rule

## List of Abbreviations

| AEC            | airspace encounter category                                                                                                        |
| -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| AEH            | airborne electronic hardware                                                                                                       |
| AGL            | above ground level                                                                                                                 |
| AIP            | aeronautical information publication                                                                                               |
| AMC            | acceptable means of compliance                                                                                                     |
| ANSP           | air navigation service provider                                                                                                    |
| AO             | [airspace observer](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/airspace-observer)                                                        |
| ARC            | air risk class                                                                                                                     |
| ATC            | air traffic control                                                                                                                |
| ATZ            | aerodrome traffic zone                                                                                                             |
| BVLOS          | beyond visual line of sight                                                                                                        |
| C2             | command and control                                                                                                                |
| C3             | command, control and communication                                                                                                 |
| CAA            | civil aviation authority                                                                                                           |
| ConOps         | concept of operations                                                                                                              |
| COTS           | commercial off-the-shelf                                                                                                           |
| CRM            | crew resource management                                                                                                           |
| CSP            | comprehensive safety portfolio                                                                                                     |
| CTA            | controlled aerospace                                                                                                               |
| CTR            | controlled traffic region                                                                                                          |
| DAA            | detect and avoid                                                                                                                   |
| DSSS           | direct-sequence spread spectrum                                                                                                    |
| DVR            | design verification report                                                                                                         |
| EASA           | European Union Aviation Safety Agency                                                                                              |
| ERM            | emergency response manager                                                                                                         |
| ERP            | emergency response plan                                                                                                            |
| ERT            | emergency response team                                                                                                            |
| EU             | European Union                                                                                                                     |
| EVLOS          | extended visual line of sight                                                                                                      |
| FHSS           | frequency-hopping spread spectrum                                                                                                  |
| FIZ            | flight information zone                                                                                                            |
| FTB            | functional test-based                                                                                                              |
| FTD            | flight training device                                                                                                             |
| FTS            | flight termination system                                                                                                          |
| GDOP           | geometric dilution of precision                                                                                                    |
| GM             | guidance material                                                                                                                  |
| GNSS           | Global Navigation Satellite System                                                                                                 |
| GRC            | ground risk class                                                                                                                  |
| HF             | human factors                                                                                                                      |
| HMI            | human machine interface                                                                                                            |
| iARC           | initial air risk class                                                                                                             |
| ICAO           | International Civil Aviation Organization                                                                                          |
| iGRC           | intrinsic ground risk class                                                                                                        |
| ISM            | industrial, scientific and medical                                                                                                 |
| JARUS          | Joint Authorities for Rulemaking on Unmanned Systems                                                                               |
| LACA           | low-altitude controlled airspace (below 150 m (500 ft))                                                                            |
| MCC            | multi-crew cooperation                                                                                                             |
| METAR          | aviation routine weather report (in (aeronautical) meteorological code)                                                            |
| MS             | Member State                                                                                                                       |
| MSO            | multiple simultaneous operations                                                                                                   |
| MTOM           | [maximum take-off mass](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/maximum-take-off-mass)                                                |
| NAA            | national aviation authority                                                                                                        |
| OFDM           | orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing                                                                                         |
| OM             | operations manual                                                                                                                  |
| OSO            | operational safety objective                                                                                                       |
| PDOP           | position dilution of precision                                                                                                     |
| PDRA           | predefined risk assessment                                                                                                         |
| RBO            | risk-based oversight                                                                                                               |
| RCM            | remote crew member                                                                                                                 |
| RCP            | required communication performance                                                                                                 |
| RF             | radio frequency                                                                                                                    |
| RLP            | required [C2 link](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/c2-link) performance                                                       |
| RMZ            | radio mandatory zone                                                                                                               |
| RP             | [remote pilot](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/remote-pilot)                                                                  |
| RPS            | remote pilot station                                                                                                               |
| SAIL           | specific assurance and integrity level                                                                                             |
| SDS            | safety data sheets                                                                                                                 |
| SLA            | service level agreement                                                                                                            |
| SMM            | safety management manual                                                                                                           |
| SMS            | safety management system                                                                                                           |
| SORA           | specific operations risk assessment                                                                                                |
| SPECI          | aviation selected special weather code in (aeronautical) meteorological code                                                       |
| STS            | [standard scenario](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/standard-scenario)                                                        |
| SW             | software                                                                                                                           |
| S\&A           | see and avoid                                                                                                                      |
| TAF            | terminal area forecast                                                                                                             |
| TCAS           | traffic collision avoidance system                                                                                                 |
| TLOS           | target level of safety                                                                                                             |
| TMPR           | tactical mitigation performance requirement                                                                                        |
| TMZ            | transponder mandatory zone                                                                                                         |
| TOM            | take-off mass                                                                                                                      |
| UA             | [unmanned aircraft](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/unmanned-aircraft)                                                        |
| UAS            | unmanned aircraft system                                                                                                           |
| UAS Regulation | Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 of 24 May 2019 on the rules and procedures for the operation of unmanned aircraft |
| USSP           | U-space service provider                                                                                                           |
| UTM            | UAS traffic management                                                                                                             |
| VHL            | very-high-level airspace                                                                                                           |
| VLL            | very low level                                                                                                                     |
| VLOS           | visual line of sight                                                                                                               |
| VO             | visual observer                                                                                                                    |

IR — Regulations (EU) 2019/947 and 2019/945 · ED Decision 2025/018/R · UAS Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 29 Jun 2026

[All rules in General provisions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/uas/cover-regulation/general)

Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 29 Jun 2026, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.