--- title: "AMC5 Article 11 Rules for conducting an operational risk assessment — Cover Regulation to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947, UAS · Avioverse" description: "PREDEFINED RISK ASSESSMENT PDRA-S02 Version 1.1 EDITION January 2022 (a) Scope This PDRA addresses the same type of operations that are covered by the…" url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/uas/cover-regulation-to-implementing-regulation-eu/powers-and-recitals/amc5-article-11" --- # AMC5 Article 11 Rules for conducting an operational risk assessment Cover Regulation to Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947 · Regulations (EU) 2019/947 and 2019/945 · EAR revision 29 Jun 2026 AMC Acceptable means of compliance ## AMC5 Article 11 Rules for conducting an operational risk assessment PREDEFINED RISK ASSESSMENT PDRA-S02 Version 1.1 EDITION January 2022 (a) Scope This PDRA addresses the same type of operations that are covered by the [standard scenario](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/standard-scenario) STS-02 (Appendix 1 to the Annex to the UAS Regulation); however, it provides the UAS operator with the flexibility to use UASs that do not need to be marked as class C6. This PDRA addresses UAS operations that are conducted: (1) with UA with maximum characteristic dimensions (e.g. wingspan, rotor diameter/area or maximum distance between rotors in case of a multirotor) of up to 3 m and MTOM of up to 25 kg; (2) at a distance of up to 2 km from the [remote pilot](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/remote-pilot) if airspace observers (AOs) are employed; otherwise at a distance of up to 1 km; (3) over a [controlled ground area](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/controlled-ground-area) that is entirely located in a sparsely populated area; (4) below 150 m above ground level (AGL) (except when close to obstacles); and (5) in controlled or uncontrolled airspace, provided that there is a low probability of encountering manned aircraft. (b) PDRA characterisation and conditions | The characterisation and conditions for this PDRA are summarised in Table PDRA-S02.1 below:PDRA characterisation and conditions | | | | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | --------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----- | ---- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Topic | Method of proof | | Condition | | | | Integrity | | Proof | | 1. Operational characterisation (scope and limitations) | | | | | | | | | | | Level of human intervention | Self-declaration | | 1.1 No autonomous operations: the remote pilot should maintain control of the UA, except in case of a loss of the command-and-control (C2) link. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 1.2 The remote pilot should operate only one UA at a time. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 1.3 The remote pilot should not operate the UA from a moving vehicle. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 1.4 The remote pilot should not hand the control of the UA over to another command unit. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | UA range limit | Self-declaration | | 1.5 UAS operations should be conducted: | | | | | | | | | | | 1.5.1 keeping the UA in sight of the remote pilot during the launch and recovery of the UA, unless the recovery of the UA is the result of an emergency flight termination; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 1.5.2 if no [airspace observer](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/airspace-observer) (AO) is employed in the operation, with the UA no further than 1 km from the remote pilot; and | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 1.5.3 if one or more AOs are employed in the operation, with the UA no further than 2 km from the remote pilot. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | Overflown areas | Self-declaration | | 1.6 UAS operations should be conducted over a controlled ground area. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | UA limitations | Self-declaration | | 1.7 The UA should have an MTOM of less than 25 kg, including [payload](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/payload). | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 1.8 The UA should have maximum characteristic dimensions (e.g. wingspan, rotor diameter/area or maximum distance between rotors in case of a multirotor) of less than 3 m. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 1.9 The UA should have a maximum ground speed in level flight of not more than 50 m/s. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | Flight height limit | Self-declaration | | 1.10 The remote pilot should maintain the UA within 120 m (unless making use of the option defined in point 1.12) from the closest point of the surface of the Earth. The measurement of the distances should be adapted according to the geographical characteristics of the terrain, such as plains, hills, and mountains. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 1.11 When flying a UA within a horizontal distance of 50 m from an artificial obstacle that is taller than 105 m, the maximum height of the UAS operation may be increased up to 15 m above the height of the obstacle at the request of the entity that is responsible for the obstacle. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 1.12 The UAS operator may propose to operate at a height above 120 m, but up to 150 m. In that case, the UAS operator should define a risk buffer according to point 3.7 below. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | Airspace | | | 1.13 The UA should be operated: | | | | | | | | | | | 1.13.1 in uncontrolled airspace, unless different limitations are provided for by the Member States for their UAS geographical zones in areas where the probability of encountering manned aircraft is not low; or | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 1.13.2 in controlled airspace after coordination and flight authorisation in accordance with the published procedures for the area of operation, to ensure that the probability of encountering manned aircraft is low. Note: Airspace with an air risk that is classified as not higher than ARC-b can be considered having a low probability of encountering manned aircraft. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | Visibility | Self-declaration | | 1.14 The UA operation should be conducted in an area where the flight visibility is greater than 5 km. Note: Please refer to GM1 UAS.STS-02.020(3). | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | Others | Low | | 1.15 The UA should not be used to carry dangerous goods, except for dropping items in connection with agricultural, horticultural or forestry activities where the carriage of such items does not contravene any other applicable regulations. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | 2. Operational risk classification (according to the classification defined in AMC1 to Article 11 of the UAS Regulation) | | | | | | | | | | | Final GRC | 3 | Final ARC | | | ARC-b | SAIL | | II | | | 3. Operational mitigations | | | | | | | | | | | [Operational volume](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/operational-volume) (see Figure 2 of AMC1 Article 11) | Self-declaration | | 3.1 The UAS operator should define the operational volume for the intended operation, including the [flight geography](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/flight-geography) and the [contingency volume](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/contingency-volume). | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 3.2 To determine the operational volume, the UAS operator should consider the position-keeping capabilities of the UAS in 4D space (latitude, longitude, height, and time). | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 3.3 In particular, the accuracy of the navigation solution, the flight technical error of the UAS, as well as the flight path definition error (e.g. map error) and latencies should be considered and addressed when determining the operational volume. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 3.4 The remote pilot should apply emergency procedures as soon as there is an indication that the UA may exceed the limits of the operational volume, as per point 5.3.10(h) below. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | Ground risk | Self-declaration | | 3.5 The UAS operator should establish a [ground risk buffer](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/ground-risk-buffer) to protect third parties on the ground outside the operational volume. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 3.6 The ground risk buffer should cover a distance that is at least equal to the distance most likely to be travelled by the UA after activation of the flight termination system specified by the UAS [manufacturer](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/manufacturer)’s instructions, considering the operational conditions within the limitations specified by the UAS manufacturer. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | Air risk | Declaration supported by data | | 3.7 If the UAS operation is performed above 120 m and up to 150 m, the UAS operator should: | | | | | | | | | | | 3.7.1 establish an air risk buffer to protect third parties in the air outside the operational volume; and | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM, or otherwise indicate ‘n/a’. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ Justification supporting the reduction of the air risk buffer is documented in \[…]. or ‘n/a’ | | | | | 3.7.2 if the air risk buffer is part of controlled airspace, coordinate the operations with the respective ANSP. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM, or otherwise indicate ‘n/a’. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ \[…]. or ‘n/a’ | | | | | 3.7.3 develop appropriate procedures to not jeopardise other airspace users. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. Please describe how the remote pilots and, if employed, the AOs are able to assess the height of the UA compared to other airspace users, or otherwise indicate ‘n/a’. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ \[…]. or ‘n/a’ | | | Self-declaration | | 3.8 The operational volume should be outside any geographical zone corresponding to a flight restriction zone of a protected aerodrome or of any other type, as defined by the responsible authority, unless the UAS operator has been granted appropriate permission. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance. | | | | | 3.9 Prior to the flight, the UAS operator should assess the proximity of the planned operation to manned aircraft activity. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance. | | Observers | Self-declaration | | 3.10 If the UAS operator decides to employ one or more airspace observers (AOs), the UA may be operated at a distance from the remote pilot greater than that referred to in point 1.5.2 above. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance. | | | | | 3.11 In relation to AOs, the UAS operator should comply with the conditions of point 4.1.15 below. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance. | | | | | 3.12. AOs should comply with the conditions of point 5.4 below. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance. | | UAS operator and UAS operations conditions | | | | | | | | | | | UAS operator and UAS operations | Declaration supported by data | | 4.1 The UAS operator should: | | | | | | | | | | | 4.1.1 develop an operations manual (OM) (for the template, refer to AMC1 UAS.SPEC.030(3)(e) and to the complementary information in GM1 UAS.SPEC.030(3)(e)); | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.1.2 define the operational volume and ground risk buffer for the intended operation, as per points 3.1 to 3.6 above, and include them in the OM; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.1.3 develop procedures to ensure that the security requirements applicable to the area of operations are complied with during the intended operation; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.1.4 develop measures to protect the UAS against unlawful interference and unauthorised access; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.1.5 develop procedures to ensure that all operations comply with Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. In particular, the UAS operator should carry out a data protection impact assessment, when this is required by the data protection national authority of the Member State with regard to the application of Article 35 of that Regulation; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.1.6 develop guidelines for its remote pilots to plan UAS operations in a manner that minimises nuisance, including noise and other emissions-related nuisance, to people and animals; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.1.7 ensure the adequacy of the contingency and emergency procedures and prove it through any of the following: (a) dedicated flight tests; or (b) simulations, provided that the representativeness of the simulation means is proven for the intended purpose with positive results; or (c) any other means acceptable to the competent authority; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance and evidence is available to the competent authority for review.’ | | | | | 4.1.8 develop an emergency response plan (ERP) that is suitable for the intended operation in accordance with the conditions for a ‘medium’ level of [robustness](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/robustness) (please refer to AMC3 UAS.SPEC.030(3)(e); | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance and that the ERP is available to the competent authority for review.’ | | | | | 4.1.9 upload updated information into the [geo-awareness](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/geo-awareness) function, if such system is installed on the UAS, when required by the [UAS geographical zone](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/uas-geographical-zone) for the intended location of the operation; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.1.10 ensure that before starting the operation, the controlled ground area is in place, effective, and compliant with the minimum distance that is defined in points 3.1 and 3.6 above and, when required, coordinate with the appropriate authorities; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.1.11 ensure that before starting the operation, all persons that are present in the controlled ground area: | | | | | | | | | | | (a) have been informed of the risks of the operation; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | (b) have been briefed on or trained in, as appropriate, the safety precautions and measures that the UAS operator has established for their protection; and | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | (c) have explicitly agreed to participate in the operation; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.1.12 designate for each flight a remote pilot with adequate competency and other personnel in charge of duties essential to the UAS operation if needed; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.1.13 ensure that the UAS operation effectively uses and supports the efficient use of the radio spectrum in order to avoid harmful interference; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.1.14 keep for a minimum of 3 years and maintain up to date a record of the information on UAS operations, including any unusual technical or operational occurrences and other data as required by the declaration or by the operational authorisation; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance and that record-keeping data is available to the competent authority.’ | | | | | 4.1.15 before starting the operation, and if airspace observers (AOs) are employed: | | | | | | | | | | | (a) ensure the correct placement and the appropriate number of AOs along the intended flight path; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | (b) verify that: | | | | | | | | | | | (i) the visibility and the planned distance of the AOs are within the acceptable limits as defined in the OM; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | (ii) there are no potential terrain obstructions for each AO; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | (iii) there are no gaps between the zones that are covered by each of the AOs; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | (iv) the communication with each AO is established and effective; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | (v) if means are used by the AOs to determine the position of the UA, those means are functioning and effective; and | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | (c) ensure that the AOs have been briefed on the planned flight path of the UA and on the associated timing. | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.2 If no AO is employed in the operation, the operation should be conducted with the UA flying no further from the remote pilot than the distance that is indicated in point 1.5.2 above and following a preprogrammed trajectory when the UA is not in the VLOS of the remote pilot | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.3 If one or more AOs are employed in the operation, the following conditions should be complied with: | | | | | | | | | | | 4.3.1 the AO(s) should be positioned so as to adequately cover the operational volume and the surrounding airspace, having the minimum flight visibility that is indicated in point 1.14 above; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.3.2 the UA should be operated no further than 1 km from the AO who is nearest to the UA; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.3.3 the distance between any AO and the remote pilot should not be greater than 1 km; and | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | | | | 4.3.4 robust and effective means are available for communication between the remote pilot and the AO(s). | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance and that supporting evidence is included in the OM.’ | | UAS maintenance | Self-declaration | | 4.4. The UAS operator should: | | | | | | | | | | | 4.4.1 ensure that the UAS maintenance instructions that are defined by the UAS operator are included in the OM and cover at least the UAS manufacturer’s instructions and requirements when applicable; and | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 4.4.2 that maintenance staff follow the UAS maintenance instructions when performing maintenance; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 4.4.3 keep for a minimum of 3 years and maintain up to date a record of the maintenance activities conducted on the UAS; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 4.4.4 establish and maintain up to date a list of the maintenance staff employed by the operator to carry out maintenance activities; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 4.4.5 comply with point UAS.SPEC.100, if the UAS uses certified equipment. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM or indicate ‘n/a’ | | ‘I declare compliance.’ or ‘n/a’ | | External services | Self-declaration | | 4.5 The UAS operator should ensure that the level of performance for any externally provided service that is necessary for the safety of the flight is adequate for the intended operation. The UAS operator should declare that this level of performance is adequately achieved. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 4.6 The UAS operator should define and allocate the roles and responsibilities between the UAS operator and the external service provider(s), if applicable. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | 5. Conditions for the personnel in charge of duties essential to the UAS operation | | | | | | | | | | | General | | | 5.1 The UAS operator should keep and maintain up to date a record of all the relevant qualifications and training courses completed by the remote pilot and other personnel in charge of duties essential to the UAS operation and by the maintenance staff for at least 3 years after those persons have ceased to be employed by the organisation or have changed position within the organisation. | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance.’ Record-keeping data is available for inspection at the request of the competent authority. | | | | | 5.2 The remote pilot should have the authority to cancel or delay any or all flight operations under the following conditions: | | | | | | | | | | | 5.2.1 the safety of persons is jeopardised; or | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.2.2 property on the ground is jeopardised; or | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.2.3 other airspace users are in jeopardy; or | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.2.4 there is a violation of the terms of the operational authorisation. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | Remote pilot | Self-declaration | | 5.3 The remote pilot should: | | | | | | | | | | | 5.3.1 not perform any duties under the influence of psychoactive substances or alcohol, or when they are unfit to perform their tasks due to injury, fatigue, medication, sickness or other causes; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.3.2 be familiar with the manufacturer’s instructions provided by the manufacturer of the UAS; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.3.3 ensure that the UA remains clear of clouds; and | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.3.4 hold a certificate of remote pilot theoretical knowledge, in accordance with Attachment A to Chapter II of Appendix 1 to the Annex to the UAS Regulation, which is issued by the competent authority or by an entity that is designated by the competent authority of a Member State; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.3.5 hold an [accreditation](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/accreditation) of completion of a practical-skills training course for this PDRA, in accordance with Attachment A to Chapter I of Appendix 1 to the Annex to the UAS Regulation, which is issued by: (a) an entity that has declared compliance with the requirements of Appendix 3 to the Annex to the UAS Regulation and is recognised by the competent authority of a Member State; or (b) a UAS operator that has been authorised by the competent authority of the Member State of registration to operate according to this PDRA (or declared to the same competent authority compliance with STS-01) and with the requirements of Appendix 3 to the Annex to the UAS Regulation; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.3.6 if operations are conducted at a height between 120 and 150 m, receive additional theoretical knowledge training in the following topics: | | | | | | | | | | | (a) raising awareness about the air risk and about the existence of other airspace users; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (b) checking height determination/ limitation devices; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (c) using procedures for the coordination between the remote pilot and the AO(s); | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (d) using the applicable procedures in case a manned aircraft is detected; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.3.7 obtain updated information relevant to the intended operation about any geographical zones defined in accordance with Article 15 of the UAS Regulation; and | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.3.8 ensure that the UAS is in a safe condition to complete the intended flight safely and, if applicable, check whether the [direct remote identification](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/direct-remote-identification) is active and up to date; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.3.9 before starting the UAS operation: | | | | | | | | | | | (a) verify that the remote identification system is operational; | | | | Please describe how this condition is met | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (b) obtain updated information relevant to the intended operation about any geographical zones defined in accordance with Article 15 of the UAS Regulation; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (c) ensure that the UAS is in a safe condition to complete the intended flight safely and, if applicable, check whether the direct remote identification is active and up to date; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (d) set the programmable flight volume of the UA to keep it within the flight geography; and | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (e) verify that the means to terminate the flight as well as the programmable flight volume functionality of the UA are operational; and | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.3.10 during the flight: | | | | | | | | | | | (a) unless supported by aerial observers (AOs), maintain thorough visual scan of the airspace that surrounds the UA to avoid any risk of collision with manned aircraft; the remote pilot should discontinue the flight if the operation poses a risk to other aircraft, people, animals, environment or property; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (b) maintain control of the UA, except in case of a loss of the command-and-control link; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (c) operate only one UA at a time; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (d) not operate the UA from a moving vehicle; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (e) not hand the control of the UA over to another control unit; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (f) inform the AO(s), when employed, in a timely manner of any deviations of the UA from the intended flight path, and of the associated timing; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (g) use the contingency procedures that are defined by the UAS operator for abnormal situations, including situations where the remote pilot has an indication that the UA may exceed the limits of the flight geography; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (h) use the emergency procedures that are defined by the UAS operator for emergencies, including triggering the means to terminate the flight when the remote pilot has an indication that the UA may exceed the limits of the operational volume; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (i) activate the system to prevent the UA from exceeding the limits of the flight geography; and | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | (j) activate the direct remote identification system. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | Airspace observer (AO) | Self-declaration | | 5.4 The AO’s main responsibilities are laid down in point UAS.STS-02.050 of the Annex to the UAS Regulation. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ | | | | | 5.5 If operations are conducted at a height between 120 and 150 m, the AO(s) should undergo additional theoretical knowledge training in the following topics: | | | | | | | | | | | (a) raising awareness about the air risk and about the existence of other airspace users; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM, or otherwise indicate ‘n/a’. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ or ‘n/a’ | | | | | (b) checking height determination/ limitation devices; | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM, or otherwise indicate ‘n/a’. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ or ‘n/a’ | | | | | (c) using the procedures for the coordination between the remote pilot and the AO(s); and | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM, or otherwise indicate ‘n/a’. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ or ‘n/a’ | | | | | (d) using the applicable procedures in case a manned aircraft is detected. | | | | Please include a reference to the relevant chapter/section of the OM, or otherwise indicate ‘n/a’. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ or ‘n/a’ | | 6. Technical conditions | | | | | | | | | | | UAS | Self-declaration | | | 6.1 The UAS operator should use a UAS marked with a class C6 identification label and which complies with the requirements of that class, as defined in Part 17 of the Annex to Regulation (EU) 2019/945. | | | | | ‘I declare that the UAS is marked with a class C6 identification label.’ or ‘n/a’ | | | | | | 6.2 As an alternative to point 6.1, the UAS operator may use a UAS that complies with the requirements of Part 16 of the Annex to Regulation (EU) 2019/945, except that the UAS does not need to: | | | Please describe how this condition is met. | | ‘I declare compliance.’ or ‘n/a’ | | | | | | 6.2.1 bear a class C3 or a class C6 UAS identification label; | | | | | | | | | | | 6.2.2 be exclusively powered by electricity, if the UAS operator ensures that the environmental impact that is caused by the use of non-electric UAS is minimised; | | | | | | | | | | | 6.2.3 include a notice that is published by EASA and provides the applicable limitations and obligations, as required by the UAS Regulation; and | | | | | | | | | | | 6.2.4 include the manufacturer’s instructions for the UAS if it is privately built; however, information on its operation and maintenance, as well as on the training of the remote pilot, should be included in the OM. Note 1: The UAS can comply with point (9) of Part 4 of the Annex to Regulation (EU) 2019/945 by using an add-on that complies with Part 6 of the Annex to that Regulation. Note 2: If the UA does not bear a physical serial number that is compliant with standard ANSI/CTA-2063-A ‘Small Unmanned Aerial Systems Serial Numbers’ and/or does not have an integrated system of direct remote identification, it can comply with point (9) of Part 4 of the Annex to Regulation by using an add-on that complies with Part 6 of the Annex to that Regulation. Note 3: If the UAS is privately built, there may be no identification on the UA of its MTOM. In that case, the operator should ensure that the MTOM of the UA, in the configuration of the UA before take-off, does not exceed 25 kg. | | | | | | Table PDRA-S02.1 — Main limitations and conditions for PDRA-S02 AMC · AMC5 Article 11 — Regulations (EU) 2019/947 and 2019/945 · ED Decision 2022/002/R · UAS Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 29 Jun 2026 [All rules in Powers and recitals](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/uas/cover-regulation-to-implementing-regulation-eu/powers-and-recitals) Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 29 Jun 2026, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.