---
title: "GM1 Article 3(15) Definitions — Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/20, Ground Handling · Avioverse"
description: "AIRCRAFT PUSHBACK (a) Nosegearcontrolled pushback includes either the towbar method, where the rearward movement and steering of the aircraft are…"
url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/ground-handling/commission-delegated-regulation-eu-2025-20/cover-regulation/gm1-article-3-15"
---

# GM1 Article 3(15) Definitions

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/20 · Regulations (EU) 2025/23 and 2025/24 · EAR revision 5 Nov 2025

GM Guidance material

## GM1 Article 3(15) Definitions

[AIRCRAFT PUSHBACK](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/aircraft-pushback)

(a) Nosegearcontrolled pushback includes either the towbar method, where the rearward movement and steering of the aircraft are controlled by a vehicle and towbar attached to the nose gear, or the towbarless method, where a vehicle is attached directly to the nose gear.

(b) Maingearcontrolled pushback involves using a vehicle that grasps the aircraft’s maingear tyres to provide rearward movement, while directional control is provided from the flight deck using the nosewheel steering system.

GM · GM1 Article 3(15) — Regulations (EU) 2025/23 and 2025/24 · ED Decision 2025/007/R · Ground Handling Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 5 Nov 2025

[All rules in Cover Regulation](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/ground-handling/commission-delegated-regulation-eu-2025-20/cover-regulation)

Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 5 Nov 2025, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.