---
title: "GH.OPS.435 Aircraft towing and pushback — Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/20, Ground Handling · Avioverse"
description: "The responsibility for the aircraft towing/pushback operations may be split between several organisations."
url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/ground-handling/commission-delegated-regulation-eu-2025-20/annexes/gh-ops-435"
---

# GH.OPS.435 Aircraft towing and pushback

Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/20 · Regulations (EU) 2025/23 and 2025/24 · EAR revision 5 Nov 2025

IR Implementing rule

## GH.OPS.435 Aircraft towing and pushback

(a) The responsibility for the [aircraft towing](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/aircraft-towing)/pushback operations may be split between several organisations. The [ground handling organisation](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/ground-handling-organisation) shall be responsible for the following:

(1) correct implementation of the operational procedures of the aircraft operator or of the ground handling organisation, if so agreed with the aircraft operator, which:

(i) are specific to the aircraft type and towing/pushback vehicle type; and

(ii) comply with the equipment manufacturer instructions for the operation of the towing equipment, where the manufacturer has provided such instructions;

(2) correct implementation of the communication procedures with the other persons involved in the towing or pushback operation;

(3) connection and disconnection of the aircraft to/from the vehicle/towbar;

(4) driving or remotely controlling of the towing/pushback vehicle;

(5) when a wing walker is involved, maintaining communication with the wing walker and alerting flight crew of the loss of communications during pushback/towing; this step shall be properly coordinated with the provider of apron management services;

(6) ensuring training and continued competence of its personnel performing these activities;

(7) operation and maintenance of any GSE used for the towing/pushback in accordance with Subpart ORGH.GSE.

(b) In addition to the requirements listed in point (a), the ground handling organisation shall apply the aerodrome procedures established by the aerodrome operator in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) No 139/2014 in relation to aircraft ground movements, in particular points ADR.OPS.B.028, ADR.OPS.B.080, ADR.OPS.D.001, ADR.OPS.D.015, ADR.OPS.D.040.

IR · GH.OPS.435 — Regulations (EU) 2025/23 and 2025/24 · Regulation (EU) 2025/20 · Ground Handling Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 5 Nov 2025

AMC Acceptable means of compliance

## AMC1 GH.OPS.435 Aircraft towing and pushback

SAFETY RISK MITIGATION MEASURES

The [aircraft towing](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/aircraft-towing) or pushback procedures should cover the following:

(a) means of developing and maintaining situational awareness of traffic during aircraft towing/pushback operations;

(b) communication between the towing/pushback vehicle driver and, if applicable, the wing walker or the flight crew in the cockpit;

(c) use of towing/pushback GSE adequate for the aircraft type;

(d) use of methods to reduce risks caused by:

(1) multiple blind spots around the aircraft,

(2) wing walker being struck by lightning via the cord,

(3) operator tripping or snagging machinery as they carry a 15mlong copper cable around,

(4) inadvertent brake application during towing by GH personnel.

AMC · AMC1 GH.OPS.435 — Regulations (EU) 2025/23 and 2025/24 · ED Decision 2025/007/R · Ground Handling Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 5 Nov 2025

[All rules in Annexes](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/ground-handling/commission-delegated-regulation-eu-2025-20/annexes)

Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 5 Nov 2025, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.