--- title: "CS 25.601 – CS 25.899: SUBPART D – DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION (CS-25) — rule index · Avioverse" description: "CS 25.601 – CS 25.899, CS-25. The aeroplane may not have design features or details that experience has shown to be hazardous or unreliable." url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d" --- # SUBPART D – DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Large Aeroplanes (CS-25) · CS-25 · CS 25.601 – CS 25.899 On this page 1. ## [CS 25.601 General](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-601) The aeroplane may not have design features or details that experience has shown to be hazardous or unreliable. 2. ## [CS 25.603 Materials](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-603) (See AMC 25.603; for composite materials, see AMC 20-29; for use of glass in passenger cabins, see AMC No 2 to CS 25.603(a)) The suitability and… [AMC 25.603 Suitability and durability of materials](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-603#amc-25-603) [AMC 25.603(b) Suitability and durability of materials — Approved material specifications and material process specifications](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-603#amc-25-603-b) 3. ## [AMC No 1 to CS 25.603(a) Suitability and durability of materials — Experience or tests](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/amc-no-1-to-cs-25-603-a-suitability-and-durability-of-materials-experience-or) To show compliance with CS 25.603 and CS 25.605, applicants may use previous applicable experience and/or tests together with material specifications and… 4. ## [AMC No 2 to CS 25.603(a) Suitability and durability of materials — Large glass items](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/amc-no-2-to-cs-25-603-a-suitability-and-durability-of-materials-large-glass) General This AMC defines acceptable minimum performance standards for the specific case of large glass items used as an interior material in passenger… 5. ## [CS 25.605 Fabrication methods](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-605) (See AMC 25.605) (a) The fabrication methods used (i.e. the manufacturing and assembly methods, including consideration of the materials and material… [AMC 25.605(a) Fabrication methods — Approved process specifications](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-605#amc-25-605-a) [AMC 25.605(b) New fabrication methods — Test programme](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-605#amc-25-605-b) 6. ## [CS 25.607 Fasteners](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-607) (See AMC 25.607) (a) Each removable bolt, screw, nut, pin or other removable fastener must incorporate two separate locking devices if – (1) Its loss… [AMC 25.607 Fasteners](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-607#amc-25-607) 7. ## [CS 25.609 Protection of structure](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-609) (See AMC 25.609) Each part of the structure must- (a) Be suitably protected against deterioration or loss of strength in service due to any cause… [AMC 25.609 Protection of structure](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-609#amc-25-609) 8. ## [CS 25.611 Accessibility provisions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-611) Means must be provided to allow inspection (including inspection of principal structural elements and control systems), replacement of parts normally… 9. ## [CS 25.613 Material strength properties and Material Design Values](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-613) (See AMC 25.613) (a) Material strength properties must be based on enough tests of material meeting approved specifications to establish design values on… [AMC 25.613 Material strength properties and material design values](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-613#amc-25-613) 10. ## [CS 25.619 Special factors](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-619) The factor of safety prescribed in CS 25.303 must be multiplied by the highest pertinent special factor of safety prescribed in CS 25.621 through CS… 11. ## [CS 25.621 Casting factors](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-621) (see AMC 25.621.) (a) General. For castings used in structural applications, the factors, tests, and inspections specified in sub-paragraphs (b) through… [AMC 25.621 Casting Factors](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-621#amc-25-621) [AMC 25.621(c) Critical Castings](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-621#amc-25-621-c) [AMC 25.621(c)(1) Premium Castings](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-621#amc-25-621-c-1) 12. ## [CS 25.623 Bearing factors](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-623) Except as provided in sub-paragraph (b) of this paragraph, each part that has clearance (free fit), and that is subject to pounding or vibration, must… 13. ## [CS 25.625 Fitting factors](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-625) For each fitting (a part or terminal used to join one structural member to another), the following apply: 14. ## [CS 25.629 Aeroelastic stability requirements](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-629) (See AMC 25.629) (a) General. The aeroelastic stability evaluations required under this paragraph include flutter, divergence, control reversal and any… [AMC 25.629 Aeroelastic stability requirements](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-629#amc-25-629) 15. ## [CS 25.631 Bird strike damage](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-631) (See AMC 25.631) The aeroplane must be designed to assure capability of continued safe flight and landing of the aeroplane after impact with a 4 lb bird… [AMC 25.631 Bird strike damage](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-631#amc-25-631) 16. ## [CS 25.651 Proof of strength](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-651) Limit load tests of control surfaces are required. These tests must include the horn or fitting to which the control system is attached. 17. ## [CS 25.655 Installation](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-655) Movable tail surfaces must be installed so that there is no interference between any surfaces when one is held in its extreme position and the others are… 18. ## [CS 25.657 Hinges](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-657) For control surface hinges, including ball, roller, and self-lubricated bearing hinges, the approved rating of the bearing may not be exceeded. 19. ## [CS 25.671 General](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-671) (See AMC 25.671) (a) Each flight control system must operate with the ease, smoothness, and positiveness appropriate to its function. [AMC 25.671 Control Systems — General](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-671#amc-25-671) 20. ## [CS 25.672 Stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-672) If the functioning of stability augmentation or other automatic or power-operated systems is necessary to show compliance with the flight characteristics… 21. ## [CS 25.675 Stops](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-675) Each control system must have stops that positively limit the range of motion of each movable aerodynamic surface controlled by the system. 22. ## [CS 25.677 Trim systems](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-677) Trim controls must be designed to prevent inadvertent or abrupt operation and to operate in the plane, and the sense of motion, of the aeroplane. 23. ## [CS 25.679 Control system gust locks](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-679) (See AMC 25.679) (a) There must be a device to prevent damage to the control surfaces (including tabs), and to the control system, from gusts striking… [AMC 25.679(a)(2) Control system gust locks](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-679#amc-25-679-a-2) [AMC 25.679(b) Control system gust locks](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-679#amc-25-679-b) 24. ## [CS 25.681 Limit load static tests](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-681) Compliance with the limit load requirements of this CS-25 must be shown by tests in which – (1) The direction of the test loads produces the most severe… 25. ## [CS 25.683 Operation tests](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-683) It must be shown by operation tests that when portions of the control system subject to pilot effort loads are loaded to 80% of the limit load specified… 26. ## [CS 25.685 Control system details](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-685) (See AMC 25.685) (a) Each detail of each control system must be designed and installed to prevent jamming, chafing, and interference from cargo… [AMC 25.685(a) Control system details](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-685#amc-25-685-a) 27. ## [CS 25.689 Cable systems](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-689) Each cable, cable fitting, turnbuckle, splice, and pulley must be approved. 28. ## [CS 25.693 Joints](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-693) Control system joints (in push-pull systems) that are subject to angular motion, except those in ball and roller bearing systems must have a special… 29. ## [CS 25.697 Lift and drag devices, controls](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-697) Each lift device control must be designed so that the pilots can place the device in any takeoff, en-route, approach, or landing position established… 30. ## [CS 25.699 Lift and drag device indicator](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-699) There must be means to indicate to the pilots the position of each lift or drag device having a separate control in the cockpit to adjust its position. 31. ## [CS 25.701 Flap and slat interconnection](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-701) (See AMC 25.701) (a) Unless the aeroplane has safe flight characteristics with the flaps or slats retracted on one side and extended on the other, the… [AMC 25.701(d) Flap and slat interconnection](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-701#amc-25-701-d) 32. ## [CS 25.703 Take-off warning system](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-703) (See AMC 25.703) A take-off warning system must be installed and must meet the following requirements: [AMC 25.703 Take-off Configuration Warning Systems](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-703#amc-25-703) 33. ## [CS 25.705 Runway overrun awareness and alerting systems](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-705) (See AMC 25.705) A runway overrun awareness and alerting system (ROAAS) must be installed. [AMC 25.705 Runway overrun awareness and alerting systems](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-705#amc-25-705) 34. ## [CS 25.721 General](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-721) (See AMC 25.963(d)) (a) The landing gear system must be designed so that when it fails due to overloads during take-off and landing, the failure mode is… 35. ## [CS 25.723 Shock absorption tests](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-723) (See AMC 25.723) (a) The analytical representation of the landing gear dynamic characteristics that is used in determining the landing loads must be… [AMC 25.723 Shock absorption tests](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-723#amc-25-723) 36. ## [CS 25.729 Extending and retracting mechanisms](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-729) (See AMC 25.729) (a) General. For aeroplanes with retractable landing gear, the following apply: [AMC 25.729 Extending retracting mechanisms](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-729#amc-25-729) 37. ## [CS 25.731 Wheels](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-731) Each main and nose wheel must be approved. The maximum static load rating of each wheel may not be less than the corresponding static ground reaction… 38. ## [CS 25.733 Tyres](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-733) When a landing gear axle is fitted with a single wheel and tyre assembly, the wheel must be fitted with a suitable tyre of proper fit with a speed rating… [AMC 25.733(f) Tyre inflation pressure check](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-733#amc-25-733-f) 39. ## [CS 25.734 Protection against wheel and tyre failures](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-734) (see AMC 25.734) The safe operation of the aeroplane must be preserved in case of damaging effects on systems or structures from: [AMC 25.734 Protection against wheel and tyre failures](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-734#amc-25-734) 40. ## [CS 25.735 Brakes and braking systems](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-735) (See AMC 25.735) (a) Approval. Each assembly consisting of a wheel(s) and brake(s) must be approved. [AMC 25.735 Brakes and Braking Systems Certification Tests and Analysis](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-735#amc-25-735) [AMC 25.735(f) Brakes](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-735#amc-25-735-f) 41. ## [CS 25.745 Nose-wheel steering](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-745) (See AMC 25.745) (a) The nose-wheel steering system, unless it is restricted in use to low-speed manoeuvring, must be so designed that exceptional skill… [AMC 25.745(a) Nose-wheel steering](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-745#amc-25-745-a) [AMC 25.745(c) Nose-wheel steering](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-745#amc-25-745-c) [AMC 25.745(d) Nose-wheel steering](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-745#amc-25-745-d) 42. ## [CS 25.771 Pilot compartment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-771) Each pilot compartment and its equipment must allow the minimum flight crew (established under CS 25.1523) to perform their duties without unreasonable… 43. ## [CS 25.772 Pilot compartment doors](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-772) For an aeroplane that has a lockable door installed between the pilot compartment and the passenger compartment: 44. ## [CS 25.773 Pilot compartment view](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-773) (See AMC 25.773) (a) Non-precipitation conditions. For non-precipitation conditions, the following apply: [AMC 25.773 Pilot compartment view](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-773#amc-25-773) [AMC 25.773(b)(1)(ii) Pilot compartment view in icing conditions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-773#amc-25-773-b-1-ii) [AMC 25.773(b)(4) Pilot compartment non openable windows](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-773#amc-25-773-b-4) [AMC 25.773(c) Internal windshield and window fogging](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-773#amc-25-773-c) 45. ## [CS 25.775 Windshields and windows](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-775) (See AMC 25.775) (a) Internal panes must be made of non-splintering material. [AMC 25.775(d) Windshields and windows](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-775#amc-25-775-d) 46. ## [CS 25.777 Cockpit controls](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-777) Each cockpit control must be located to provide convenient operation and to prevent confusion and inadvertent operation. [AMC 25.777(c) Full and unrestricted movement of cockpit controls](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-777#amc-25-777-c) 47. ## [CS 25.779 Motion and effect of cockpit controls](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-779) Cockpit controls must be designed so that they operate in accordance with the following movement and actuation: 48. ## [CS 25.781 Cockpit control knob shape](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-781) Cockpit control knobs must conform to the general shapes (but not necessarily the exact sizes or specific proportions) in the following figure: 49. ## [CS 25.783 Fuselage Doors](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-783) (See AMC 25.783) (a) General. This paragraph applies to fuselage doors, which includes all doors, hatches, openable windows, access panels, covers, etc.… 50. ## [CS 25.785 Seats, berths, safety belts and harnesses](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-785) (See AMC 25.785) (a) A seat (or berth for a non-ambulant person) must be provided for each occupant who has reached his or her second birthday. [AMC 25.785 Seats, Berths, Safety Belts and Harnesses](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-785#amc-25-785) [AMC 25.785(g) Seats, berths, safety belts and harnesses](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-785#amc-25-785-g) [AMC 25.785(h)(2) Cabin Attendant Direct View](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-785#amc-25-785-h-2) 51. ## [CS 25.787 Stowage compartments](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-787) (See AMC 25.787) (a) Each compartment for the stowage of cargo, baggage, carry-on articles and equipment (such as life rafts) and any other stowage… [AMC 25.787(b) Stowage compartments](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-787#amc-25-787-b) 52. ## [CS 25.788 Passenger amenities](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-788) (See AMC 25.788) (a) Showers: If a shower cubicle is installed (See AMC 25.788(a) and AMC 25.1447(c)(3)): [AMC 25.788(a) Installation of Showers](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-788#amc-25-788-a) [AMC 25.788(b) Large Display Panels](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-788#amc-25-788-b) 53. ## [CS 25.789 Retention of items of mass in passenger and crew compartments and galleys](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-789) Means must be provided to prevent each item of mass (that is part of the aeroplane type design) in a passenger or crew compartment or galley from… 54. ## [CS 25.791 Passenger information signs and placards](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-791) (See AMC 25.791) (a) If smoking is to be prohibited, there must be at least one placard so stating that is legible to each person seated in the cabin. [AMC 25.791 Passenger information signs and placards](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-791#amc-25-791) 55. ## [CS 25.793 Floor surfaces](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-793) (See AMC to CS 25.793 and 25.810(c)) The floor surface of all areas, which are likely to become wet in service, must have slip resistant properties. [AMC 25.793 and 25.810(c) Floor surfaces](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-793#amc-25-793) 56. ## [CS 25.795 Security considerations](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-795) (see AMC 25.795) (a) Protection of flightdeck. If a secure flightdeck door is required by operating rules, the bulkhead, door, and any other accessible… [AMC 25.795 Security considerations](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-795#amc-25-795) [AMC 25.795(a)(1) Flightdeck intrusion resistance](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-795#amc-25-795-a-1) [AMC 25.795(a)(2) Flightdeck penetration resistance](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-795#amc-25-795-a-2) [AMC 25.795(b)(1) Flight deck smoke protection](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-795#amc-25-795-b-1) [AMC 25.795(b)(2) Passenger cabin smoke protection](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-795#amc-25-795-b-2) [AMC 25.795(b)(3) Cargo compartment fire suppression](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-795#amc-25-795-b-3) [AMC 25.795(c)(1) Least risk bomb location](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-795#amc-25-795-c-1) [AMC 25.795(c)(2) Survivability of systems](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-795#amc-25-795-c-2) [AMC 25.795(c)(3) Interior design to facilitate searches](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-795#amc-25-795-c-3) [AMC 25.795(d) Security of chemical oxygen generators](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-795#amc-25-795-d) 57. ## [CS 25.801 Ditching](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-801) (See AMC 25.801) (a) Whether or not ditching certification is requested, it must be shown that, following an unplanned ditching, the flotation time and… [AMC 25.801 Ditching](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-801#amc-25-801) 58. ## [CS 25.803 Emergency evacuation](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-803) (See AMC 25.803) (a) Each crew and passenger area must have emergency means to allow rapid evacuation in crash landings, with the landing gear extended… [AMC 25.803 Emergency evacuation](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-803#amc-25-803) 59. ## [CS 25.807 Emergency exits](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-807) (See AMC 25.807) (a) Type. For the purpose of this CS-25, the types of exits are defined as follows: [AMC 25.807 Emergency exits](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-807#amc-25-807) [AMC 25.807(f) Passenger emergency exits](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-807#amc-25-807-f) [AMC 25.807(e) Emergency Exits Uniformity](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-807#amc-25-807-e) 60. ## [CS 25.809 Emergency exit arrangement](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-809) (See AMC 25.809) (a) (1) Each emergency exit, including a flight crew emergency exit, must be a movable door or hatch in the external walls of the… [AMC 25.809 Emergency exit arrangement](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-809#amc-25-809) [AMC 25.809(a) Emergency exit outside viewing](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-809#amc-25-809-a) [AMC 25.809(a)(3) Emergency exit arrangement](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-809#amc-25-809-a-3) [AMC 25.809(c) and (e) Testing of the opening of passengeroperated exits](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-809#amc-25-809-c) 61. ## [CS 25.810 Emergency egress assisting means and escape routes](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-810) (See AMC 25.810) (a) Each non-over-wing Type A, Type B or Type C exit, and any other non-over-wing landplane emergency exit more than 1.8 m (6 feet) from… [AMC 25.810 Emergency egress assisting means and escape routes](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-810#amc-25-810) [AMC 25.810(a)(1)(iv) Capability of assisting means in wind conditions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-810#amc-25-810-a-1-iv) [AMC 25.810(a)(1)(v) Deployment and inflation tests](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-810#amc-25-810-a-1-v) [AMC 25.810(c)(2) Emergency Evacuation](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-810#amc-25-810-c-2) 62. ## [CS 25.811 Emergency exit marking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-811) (See AMC 25.811) (a) Each passenger emergency exit, its means of access, and its means of opening must be conspicuously marked. [AMC 25.811 Emergency exit marking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-811#amc-25-811) [AMC 25.811(d) Sign Combination](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-811#amc-25-811-d) [AMC 25.811(e)(4) Emergency exit marking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-811#amc-25-811-e-4) 63. ## [CS 25.812 Emergency lighting](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-812) (See AMC 25.812) (a) An emergency lighting system, independent of the main lighting system, must be installed. [AMC 25.812 Emergency lighting](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-812#amc-25-812) [AMC 25.812(b)(1) Emergency lighting](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-812#amc-25-812-b-1) [AMC 25.812(b)(2) Emergency lighting](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-812#amc-25-812-b-2) [AMC 25.812(e)(2) Emergency lighting](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-812#amc-25-812-e-2) [AMC 25.812(l)(1) Transverse Separation of the Fuselage](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-812#amc-25-812-l-1) 64. ## [CS 25.813 Emergency exit access and ease of operation](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-813) (See AMC 25.813) (a) There must be a passageway leading from the nearest main aisle to each Type A, Type B, Type C, Type I, or Type II emergency exit and… [AMC 25.813 Emergency exit access](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-813#amc-25-813) [AMC 25.813(c) Emergency Exit Access and Ease of Operation](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-813#amc-25-813-c) [AMC 25.813(e) Interior Doors](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-813#amc-25-813-e) 65. ## [CS 25.815 Width of aisle](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-815) (See AMC 25.815) The passenger aisle width at any point between seats must equal or exceed the values in the following table: [AMC 25.815 Width of aisle](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-815#amc-25-815) 66. ## [CS 25.817 Maximum number of seats abreast](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-817) On aeroplanes having only one passenger aisle, no more than 3 seats abreast may be placed on each side of the aisle in any one row. 67. ## [CS 25.819 Lower deck service compartments (including galleys)](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-819) (See AMC 25.819) For aeroplanes with a service compartment located below the main deck, which may be occupied during the taxi or flight but not during… [AMC 25.819 Lower deck service compartments (including galleys)](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-819#amc-25-819) 68. ## [CS 25.820 Lavatory doors](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-820) All lavatory doors must be designed to preclude anyone from becoming trapped inside the lavatory. 69. ## [CS 25.831 Ventilation](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-831) (See AMC 25.831) (a) Under normal operating conditions and in the event of any probable failure conditions of any system that would adversely affect the… [AMC 25.831(a) Ventilation](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-831#amc-25-831-a) [AMC 25.831(c) Ventilation](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-831#amc-25-831-c) 70. ## [CS 25.832 Cabin ozone concentration](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-832) The aeroplane cabin ozone concentration during flight must be shown not to exceed – (1) 0·25 parts per million by volume, sea level equivalent, at any… 71. ## [CS 25.833 Combustion heating systems](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-833) Combustion heaters must be approved. 72. ## [CS 25.841 Pressurised cabins](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-841) Pressurised cabins and compartments to be occupied must be equipped to provide a cabin pressure altitude of not more than 2438 m (8000 ft) at the maximum… 73. ## [CS 25.843 Tests for pressurised cabins](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-843) Strength test. The complete pressurised cabin, including doors, windows, and valves, must be tested as a pressure vessel for the pressure differential… 74. ## [CS 25.851 Fire extinguishers](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-851) (See AMC 25.851) (a) Hand fire extinguishers. (See AMC 25.851(a).) (1) The following minimum number of hand fire extinguishers must be conveniently… [AMC 25.851(a) Hand fire extinguishers](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-851#amc-25-851-a) [AMC 25.851(a)(1) Hand fire extinguishers](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-851#amc-25-851-a-1) [AMC 25.851(a)(2) Hand fire extinguishers](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-851#amc-25-851-a-2) [AMC 25.851(b) Built-in Fire Extinguishers for Cargo Compartments](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-851#amc-25-851-b) [AMC 25.851(c) Alternative fire-extinguishing agents](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-851#amc-25-851-c) 75. ## [Appendix 1 Analytical methods for determining Halon 1301 concentration levels](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/appendix-1) PURPOSE. This appendix contains analytical methods for determining Halon 1301 fire extinguishing agent concentration levels in empty or loaded cargo… 76. ## [CS 25.853 Compartment interiors](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-853) (See AMC 25.853) For each compartment occupied by the crew or passengers, the following apply: [AMC 25.853 Compartment interiors](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-853#amc-25-853) 77. ## [CS 25.854 Lavatory fire protection](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-854) (See AMC 25.854) For aeroplanes with a passenger capacity of 20 or more, or with a cabin length of 18.29 m (60 ft) or more: [AMC 25.854 Lavatory Fire Protection](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-854#amc-25-854) 78. ## [CS 25.855 Cargo or baggage compartments](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-855) (See AMC 25.855 and 25.857) For each cargo or baggage compartment, the following apply: [AMC 25.855 and 25.857 Cargo or baggage compartments](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-855#amc-25-855) 79. ## [CS 25.856 Thermal/acoustic insulation materials](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-856) (See AMC 25.856(a)) (a) Thermal/acoustic insulation material installed in the fuselage must meet the flame propagation test requirements of Part VI of… [AMC 25.856(a) Thermal/acoustic insulation materials: Flame propagation resistance](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-856#amc-25-856-a) [AMC 25.856(b) Thermal/acoustic insulation materials: Flame penetration (Burnthrough) resistance](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-856#amc-25-856-b) 80. ## [CS 25.857 Cargo compartment classification](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-857) (See AMC 25.855 and 25.857) (a) Class A. A Class A cargo or baggage compartment is one in which – (1) The presence of a fire would be easily discovered… 81. ## [CS 25.858 Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-858) If certification with cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection provisions is requested, the following must be met for each cargo or baggage… 82. ## [CS 25.859 Combustion heater fire protection](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-859) Combustion heater fire zones. The following combustion heater fire zones must be protected from fire in accordance with the applicable provisions of CS… 83. ## [CS 25.863 Flammable fluid fire protection](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-863) (See AMC 25.863) (a) In each area where flammable fluids or vapours might escape by leakage of a fluid system, there must be means to minimise the… [AMC 25.863(a) Flammable fluid fire protection](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-863#amc-25-863-a) 84. ## [CS 25.865 Fire protection of flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structure](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-865) Essential flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structures located in designated fire zones or in adjacent areas which would be subjected to… 85. ## [CS 25.867 Fire protection: other components](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-867) Surfaces to the rear of the nacelles, within one nacelle diameter of the nacelle centreline, must be constructed of materials at least equivalent in… 86. ## [CS 25.869 Fire protection: systems](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-869) (See AMC 25.869) (a) Electrical system components: Components of the electrical system must meet the applicable fire and smoke protection requirements of… [AMC 25.869(a)(1) Electrical System Fire and Smoke Protection](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-869#amc-25-869-a-1) [AMC 25.869(c) Fire Protection for Oxygen Equipment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-869#amc-25-869-c) 87. ## [CS 25.871 Levelling means](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-871) There must be means for determining when the aeroplane is in a level position on the ground. 88. ## [CS 25.875 Reinforcement near propellers](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-875) Each part of the aeroplane near the propeller tips must be strong and stiff enough to withstand the effects of the induced vibration and of ice thrown… 89. ## [CS 25.899 Electrical bonding and protection against static electricity](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-899) (See AMC 25.899) (a) Electrical bonding and protection against static electricity must be designed to minimise accumulation of electrostatic charge… [AMC 25.899 Electrical bonding and protection against static electricity](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-25/subpart-d/cs-25-899#amc-25-899) Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 26 Jan 2023, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. 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