--- title: "CS 23.2100 – CS 23.2170: SUBPART B — FLIGHT (CS-23) — rule index · Avioverse" description: "CS 23.2100 – CS 23.2170, CS-23. The applicant must determine limits for mass and centre of gravity that provide for the safe operation of the aeroplane." url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b" --- # SUBPART B — FLIGHT Normal-Category Aeroplanes (CS-23) · CS-23 · CS 23.2100 – CS 23.2170 On this page 1. ## [CS 23.2100 Mass and centre of gravity](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2100) The applicant must determine limits for mass and centre of gravity that provide for the safe operation of the aeroplane. [AMC1 23.2100 Mass and centre of gravity](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2100#amc1-23-2100) [AMC2 23.2100 Mass and centre of gravity](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2100#amc2-23-2100) [AMC3 23.2100 Mass and centre of gravity](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2100#amc3-23-2100) 2. ## [CS 23.2105 Performance data](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2105) Unless otherwise prescribed, an aeroplane must meet the performance requirements of this Subpart in: [AMC1 23.2105 Performance data](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2105#amc1-23-2105) [AMC2 23.2105 Performance data](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2105#amc2-23-2105) [AMC3 23.2105 Performance data](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2105#amc3-23-2105) 3. ## [CS 23.2110 Stall speed](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2110) The applicant must determine the aeroplane stall speed or the minimum steady flight speed for each flight configuration used in normal operations… [AMC1 23.2110 Stall speed](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2110#amc1-23-2110) [AMC2 23.2110 Stall speed](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2110#amc2-23-2110) [AMC3 23.2110 Stall speed](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2110#amc3-23-2110) 4. ## [CS 23.2115 Take-off performance](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2115) The applicant must determine aeroplane take-off performance accounting for: [AMC1 23.2115 Take-off performance](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2115#amc1-23-2115) [AMC2 23.2115 Take-off performance](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2115#amc2-23-2115) [AMC3 23.2115 Take-off performance](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2115#amc3-23-2115) 5. ## [CS 23.2120 Climb requirements](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2120) The design must comply with the following minimum climb performance out of ground effect: [AMC1 23.2120 Climb requirements](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2120#amc1-23-2120) [AMC2 23.2120 Climb requirements](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2120#amc2-23-2120) [AMC3 23.2120 Climb requirements](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2120#amc3-23-2120) 6. ## [CS 23.2125 Climb information](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2125) The applicant must determine, as applicable, climb and/or descent performance: [AMC1 23.2125 Climb information](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2125#amc1-23-2125) [AMC2 23.2125 Climb information](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2125#amc2-23-2125) [AMC3 23.2125 Climb information](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2125#amc3-23-2125) 7. ## [CS 23.2130 Landing](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2130) The applicant must determine the following, for standard temperatures at critical combinations of mass and altitude within the operational limits: [AMC1 23.2130 Landing](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2130#amc1-23-2130) [AMC2 23.2130 Landing](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2130#amc2-23-2130) [AMC3 23.2130 Landing](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2130#amc3-23-2130) 8. ## [CS 23.2135 Controllability](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2135) The aeroplane must be controllable and manoeuvrable, without requiring exceptional piloting skills, alertness, or strength, within the operating envelope: [AMC1 23.2135 Controllability](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2135#amc1-23-2135) [AMC2 23.2135 Controllability](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2135#amc2-23-2135) [AMC3 23.2135 Controllability](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2135#amc3-23-2135) 9. ## [CS 23.2140 Trim](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2140) The aeroplane must maintain lateral and directional trim without further force upon, or movement of, the primary flight controls or corresponding trim… [AMC1 23.2140 Trim](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2140#amc1-23-2140) [AMC2 23.2140 Trim](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2140#amc2-23-2140) [AMC3 23.2140 Trim](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2140#amc3-23-2140) 10. ## [CS 23.2145 Stability](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2145) Aeroplanes not certified for aerobatics must: have static longitudinal, lateral, and directional stability in normal operations; [AMC1 23.2145 Stability](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2145#amc1-23-2145) [AMC2 23.2145 Stability](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2145#amc2-23-2145) [AMC3 23.2145 Stability](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2145#amc3-23-2145) 11. ## [CS 23.2150 Stall characteristics, stall warning, and spins](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2150) The aeroplane must have controllable stall characteristics in straight flight, turning flight, and accelerated turning flight with a clear and… [AMC1 23.2150 Stall characteristics, stall warning, and spins](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2150#amc1-23-2150) [AMC2 23.2150 Stall characteristics, stall warning, and spins](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2150#amc2-23-2150) [AMC3 23.2150 Stall characteristics, stall warning, and spins](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2150#amc3-23-2150) 12. ## [CS 23.2155 Ground- and water-handling characteristics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2155) The aeroplane has controllable longitudinal and directional handling characteristics during taxi, take-off, and landing for the anticipated operation. [AMC1 23.2155 Ground- and water-handling characteristics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2155#amc1-23-2155) [AMC2 23.2155 Ground- and water-handling characteristics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2155#amc2-23-2155) [AMC3 23.2155 Ground- and water-handling characteristics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2155#amc3-23-2155) 13. ## [CS 23.2160 Vibration, buffeting, and high-speed characteristics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2160) Vibration and buffeting, for operations up to VD/MD, must not interfere with the control of the aeroplane or cause excessive fatigue to the flight crew. [AMC1 23.2160 Vibration, buffeting, and high-speed characteristics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2160#amc1-23-2160) [AMC2 23.2160 Vibration, buffeting, and high-speed characteristics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2160#amc2-23-2160) [AMC3 23.2160 Vibration, buffeting, and high-speed characteristics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2160#amc3-23-2160) 14. ## [CS 23.2165 Performance and flight characteristics requirements for flight in icing conditions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2165) An applicant who requests certification for flight in icing conditions must show the following in the icing conditions for which certification is… [AMC1 23.2165 Performance and flight characteristics requirements for flight in icing conditions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2165#amc1-23-2165) [AMC2 23.2165 Performance and flight characteristics requirements for flight in icing conditions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2165#amc2-23-2165) [AMC3 23.2165 Performance and flight characteristics requirements for flight in icing conditions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2165#amc3-23-2165) 15. ## [CS 23.2170 Operating limitations](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2170) The following flight information is established: operating limitations, procedures and instructions necessary for the safe operation of the aeroplane; [AMC1 23.2170 Operating limitations](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2170#amc1-23-2170) [AMC2 23.2170 Operating limitations](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2170#amc2-23-2170) [AMC3 23.2170 Operating limitations](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/cs-23/subpart-b/cs-23-2170#amc3-23-2170) Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 13 May 2026, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. 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