--- title: "66.A.45 Endorsement with aircraft ratings — Part-66 · Avioverse" description: "In order to be entitled to exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type, the holder of an aircraft maintenance licence needs to have…" url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/continuing-airworthiness/part-66/section-a-technical-requirements/66-a-45" --- # 66.A.45 Endorsement with aircraft ratings Annex III (Part-66) · Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 · EAR revision 2 Sep 2025 IR Implementing rule ## 66.A.45 Endorsement with aircraft ratings (a) In order to be entitled to exercise certification privileges on a specific [aircraft](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/aircraft) type, the holder of an aircraft [maintenance](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/maintenance) licence needs to have their licence endorsed with the relevant aircraft ratings: For category B1, B2 or C, the relevant aircraft ratings are the following: (i) for Group 1 aircraft, the appropriate aircraft type rating; (ii) for Group 2 aircraft, the appropriate aircraft type rating, manufacturer subgroup rating or full subgroup rating; (iii) for Group 3 aircraft, the appropriate aircraft type rating or full group rating; (iv) for Group 4 aircraft, for the category B2 licence, the full group rating. For category B2L, the relevant aircraft ratings are the following: (i) for Group 2 aircraft, the appropriate manufacturer subgroup rating or full subgroup rating; (ii) for Group 3 aircraft, the full group rating; (iii) for Group 4 aircraft, the full group rating. For category B3, the relevant rating is ‘piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below’. For category L, the relevant aircraft ratings are the following: (i) for subcategory L1C, the rating ‘composite sailplanes’; (ii) for subcategory L1, the rating ‘sailplanes’; (iii) for subcategory L2C, the rating ‘composite powered sailplanes and composite ELA1 aeroplanes’; (iv) for subcategory L2, the rating ‘powered sailplanes and ELA1 aeroplanes’; (v) for subcategory L3H, the rating ‘hot-air balloons’; (vi) for subcategory L3G, the rating ‘gas balloons’ (vii) for subcategory L4H, the rating ‘hot-air airships’; (viii) for subcategory L4G, the rating ‘ELA2 gas airships’; (ix) for subcategory L5, the appropriate airship type rating. For category A, no rating is required, subject to compliance with the requirements of point 145.A.35 of Annex II (Part-145). (b) The endorsement of aircraft type ratings requires the satisfactory completion of one of the following: the relevant category B1, B2 or C aircraft type training in accordance with Appendix III to Annex III (Part-66); in the case of gas airship type ratings on a B2 or L5 licence, a type training approved by the competent authority in accordance with point 66.B.130. (c) For other than category C licences, in addition to the requirements of point (b), the endorsement of the first aircraft type rating within a given category/subcategory requires satisfactory completion of the corresponding on-the-job training. This on-the-job training shall comply with Appendix III to Annex III (Part-66), except in the case of gas airships, where it shall be directly approved by the competent authority. The on-the-job training on an aircraft referred to in point (b) of point 66.A.3 may only be considered for the purpose of endorsement of the licence as the first aircraft type rating within a given (sub)category, as described in the previous paragraph, when so established in the aircraft operational suitability data. Otherwise, an aircraft referred to in point (b) of point 66.A.3 may be endorsed as a first aircraft type rating within a given (sub)category after satisfactory completion of the corresponding on-the-job training, but in such case, additional on-the-job training will be required for the endorsement on the licence within that (sub)category of the first aircraft type rating belonging to the categories referred in point (a) of point 66.A.3. (d) By derogation from points (b) and (c), for Group 2 and 3 aircraft, aircraft type ratings may also be endorsed on a licence after completing the following steps: satisfactory completion of the relevant category B1, B2 or C aircraft type evaluation in accordance with Appendix III to this Annex (Part-66); in the case of B1 and B2 category, demonstration of practical experience in the aircraft type. In that case, the practical experience shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the licence category. In the case of a category C rating, for a person qualified through the academic route as referred to in point (a)(5) of point 66.A.30, the first relevant aircraft type evaluation shall be at the category B1 or B2 level. (da) By derogation from points (b) and (d) and only during the first 30 months after a new aircraft type has received its type certificate, an AML may be endorsed with the corresponding aircraft type rating for a given (sub)category based on complete training delivered by the manufacturer, including the on-site practical training element, under the condition that the aircraft type rating is not the first aircraft endorsed for that (sub)category. Such training shall be carried out at a level and duration that meet the same objectives as those of points 5 (a), (b) and (c) of Appendix III, and shall cover relevant maintenance data at the required knowledge level and scope for the AML (sub)category. A responsible person of the aircraft manufacturer shall issue a final report declaring fulfilment of the requirements of this point 66.A.45(da). (e) For Group 2 aircraft: (i) the endorsement of manufacturer subgroup ratings for category B1 and C licence holders requires complying with the aircraft type rating requirements for at least two aircraft types from the same manufacturer, which combined are representative of the applicable manufacturer subgroup; (ii) the endorsement of full subgroup ratings for category B1 and C licence holders requires complying with the aircraft type rating requirements for at least three aircraft types from different manufacturers, which combined are representative of the applicable subgroup; (iii) the endorsement of manufacturer subgroup and full subgroup ratings for category B2 and B2L licence holders requires demonstration of practical experience which shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the licence category and to the applicable aircraft subgroup and, in the case of the B2L licence, relevant to the applicable system rating(s); (iv) by derogation from point (e)(iii), the holder of a B2 or B2L licence, endorsed with a full subgroup 2b, is entitled to be endorsed with a full subgroup 2c. (f) For Group 3 and 4 aircraft: (i) the endorsement of the full Group 3 rating for category B1, B2, B2L and C licence holders and the endorsement of the full Group 4 rating for B2 and B2L licence holders require demonstration of practical experience, which shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the licence category and to Group 3 or 4, as applicable; (ii) for category B1, unless the applicant provides evidence of appropriate experience, Group 3 rating shall be subject to the following limitations, which shall be endorsed on the licence: pressurised aeroplanes, metal-structure aeroplanes, composite-structure aeroplanes, wooden-structure aeroplanes, aeroplanes with metal-tubing structure covered with fabric; (iii) by derogation from point (f)(i), the holder of a B2L licence, endorsed with a full subgroup 2a or 2b, is entitled to be endorsed with Groups 3 and 4. (g) For the B3 licence: (i) the endorsement of the rating ‘piston engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below’ requires demonstration of practical experience, which shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the licence category; (ii) unless the applicant provides evidence of appropriate experience, the rating referred to in point (i) shall be subject to the following limitations, which shall be endorsed on the licence: wooden-structure aeroplanes, aeroplanes with metal-tubing structure covered with fabric, metal-structure aeroplanes, composite-structure aeroplanes. (h) For all L licence subcategories, other than L5: (i) the endorsement of ratings requires demonstration of practical experience which shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the licence subcategory; (ii) unless the applicant provides evidence of appropriate experience, the ratings shall be subject to the following limitations, which shall be endorsed on the licence: (1) for ratings ‘sailplanes’ and ‘powered sailplanes and ELA1 aeroplanes’: wooden-structure aircraft covered with fabric, aircraft with metal-tubing structure covered with fabric, metal-structure aircraft, composite-structure aircraft, (2) for the rating ‘gas balloons’: other than ELA1 gas balloons; and (3) if the applicant has only provided evidence of 1-year experience in accordance with the derogation contained in point 66.A.30(a)(2b)(ii), the following limitation shall be endorsed on the licence: ‘complex maintenance tasks provided for in Appendix VII to Annex I (Part-M), standard changes provided for in point 21.A.90B of Annex I (Part 21) and points 21L.A.62 and 21L.A.102 of Annex Ib (Part 21 Light) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 and standard repairs provided for in point 21.A.431B of Annex I (Part 21) and in point 21L.A.202 or point 21L.A.222 of Annex Ib (Part 21 Light) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012.’ IR · 66.A.45 — Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 · Continuing Airworthiness Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 2 Sep 2025 GM Guidance material ## GM1 66.A.45 Endorsement with aircraft ratings The following table shows a summary of the [aircraft](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/aircraft) rating requirements contained in points 66.A.45 and 66.A.50, and in Appendix III to Part-66. The table contains the following: The different aircraft groups. For each licence (sub)category, which ratings are possible (at the applicant’s choice): Individual type ratings. Full and/or manufacturer (sub)group ratings. For each rating option, which are the qualification options. For the B1.2 licence (Group 3 aircraft), the B3 licence (piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below) and the L licences, which are the possible limitations and ratings to be included in the licence if not sufficient experience can be demonstrated in those areas. Note: OJT means ‘On-the-Job Training’ (Section 6 of Appendix III to Part-66) and is only required for the first aircraft rating in the applicable licence (sub)category. There are peculiarities that apply for the endorsement of aircraft referred to in point 66.A.3(b) and they are explained after the following table. | Aircraft rating requirements | | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Aircraft | B1/B3/L licence | B2/B2L licence | C licence | | Group 1 aircraft, except airships | (For B1) Individual TYPE RATING Type training: - Theory + examination - Practical + assessment PLUS OJT (for first aircraft in licence subcategory) | (For B2) Individual TYPE RATING Type training: - Theory + examination - Practical + assessment PLUS OJT (for first aircraft in licence subcategory) | Individual TYPE RATING Type training: - Theory + examination | | Group 1 airships | (For L5 licence) Individual TYPE RATING Type training: - Theory + examination - Practical + assessment PLUS OJT (for first aircraft in licence subcategory) | (For B2) Individual TYPE RATING Type training: - Theory + examination - Practical + assessment PLUS OJT (for first aircraft in licence category) | Not applicable | | Group 2 aircraft Subgroups: 2a: single-turboprop aeroplanes (\*) 2b: single-turbine- engine helicopters (\*) 2c: single-piston- engine helicopters (\*) 2E: aeroplanes with electric power plant (\*) (\*) Except those classified in Group 1. | (For B1.1, B1.E, B1.3, B1.4) Individual TYPE RATING (type training + OJT) or (type evaluation + practical experience) Full SUBGROUP RATING (type training + OJT) or (type evaluation + practical experience) on at least three aircraft representative of that subgroup Manufacturer SUBGROUP RATING (type training + OJT) or (type evaluation + practical experience) on at least two aircraft representative of that manufacturer subgroup | (For B2) Individual TYPE RATING (type training + OJT) or (type evaluation + practical experience) (For B2 and B2L) Full SUBGROUP RATING based on demonstration of practical experience Manufacturer SUBGROUP RATING based on demonstration of practical experience | Individual TYPE RATING type training or type evaluation Full SUBGROUP RATING type training or type evaluation on at least three aircraft representative of that subgroup Manufacturer SUBGROUP RATING type training or type evaluation on at least two aircraft representative of that manufacturer subgroup | | Aircraft rating requirements | | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Aircraft | B1/B3/L licence | B2/B2L licence | C licence | | Group 3 aircraft Piston engine aeroplanes (except those classified in Group 1) | (For B1.2) Individual TYPE RATING (type training + OJT) or (type evaluation + practical experience) Full GROUP 3 RATING based on demonstration of practical experience Limitations: - Pressurised aeroplanes - Metal aeroplanes - Composite aeroplanes - Wooden aeroplanes - Metal tubing and fabric aeroplanes | (For B2) Individual TYPE RATING (type training + OJT) or (type evaluation + practical experience) (For B2 and B2L) Full GROUP 3 RATING based on demonstration of appropriate experience | Individual TYPE RATING type training or type evaluation Full GROUP 3 RATING based on demonstration of practical experience | | Piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below | (For B3) FULL RATING "Piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below" based on demonstration of practical experience Limitations: - Metal aeroplanes - Composite aeroplanes - Wooden aeroplanes - Metal tubing & fabric aeroplanes | This rating cannot be endorsed on a B2/B2L licence. These aircraft are already covered by the endorsement of ratings for Group 3 aircraft (see box above) | This rating cannot be endorsed on a C licence. These aircraft are already covered by the endorsement of ratings for Group 3 aircraft (see box above) | | Group 4 aircraft: Sailplanes, powered sailplanes, balloons and airships other than those in Group 1 | (For all L subcategories, except L5) − For L1C: ‘composite sailplanes’ rating, − For L1: ‘sailplanes’ rating, − For L2C: ‘composite powered sailplanes and composite ELA1 aeroplanes’ rating, − For L2: ‘powered sailplanes and ELA1 aeroplanes’ rating, − For L3H: ‘hot-air balloons’ rating, − For L3G: ‘gas balloons’ rating, − For L4H: ‘hot-air airships’ rating, − For L4G: ‘ELA2 gas airships’ rating, all based on demonstration of practical experience Limitations: see 66.A.45(h) | (For B2 and B2L) Full GROUP 4 RATING based on demonstration of practical experience | Not applicable | The endorsement of a licence with an aircraft type referred to in point 66.A.3(b) within a B1.x or B2 (sub)category does not require OJT, provided that the licence has already been endorsed with an aircraft type not referred to in point 66.A.3(b) within the same (sub)category. If the licence has not yet been endorsed with such aircraft type for that (sub)category, then the OJT performed for an aircraft referred to in point 66.A.3(b), which is endorsed within that (sub)category, may or may not be counted as the ‘first aircraft type’ for the purpose described in the first paragraph of point (c) of point 66.A.45. This will be specified in the operational suitability data for the aircraft. For instance, a given small and simple aircraft referred to in point 66.A.3(b) may be suitable for endorsement within both the B1.1 and B1.2 subcategories, but the related OJT may only be considered suitable for allowing further type endorsement without conducting additional OJT within the B1.2 subcategory. Following the example above, after having endorsed the aircraft referred to in point 66.A.3(b) as the first aircraft type within the subcategory B1.1, the additional OJT required in the third paragraph of point (c) of point 66.A.45 should cover only the OJT tasks that were not covered before, as acceptable to the authority. GM · GM1 66.A.45 — Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 · Continuing Airworthiness Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 2 Sep 2025 GM Guidance material ## GM 66.A.45(b) Endorsement with aircraft ratings An [aircraft](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/aircraft) type rating includes all the aircraft models/variants listed in column 2 of Appendix I to AMC to Part-66. When a person already holds a type rating on the licence and such type rating is amended in the Appendix I to AMC to Part-66 in order to include additional models/variants, there is no need for additional type training for the purpose of amending the type rating in the licence. The rating should be amended to include the new variants, upon request by the applicant, without additional requirements. However, it is the responsibility of the licence holder and, if applicable, the [maintenance](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/maintenance) [organisation](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/organisation) where he/she is employed to comply with 66.A.20(b)3, 145.A.35(a), M.A.607(a), and CAO.A.040 as applicable, before he/she exercises certification privileges. Similarly, type training courses covering certain, but not all the models/variants included in a type rating, are valid for the purpose of endorsing the full type rating. GM · GM 66.A.45(b) — Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 · ED Decision 2020/002/R · Continuing Airworthiness Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 2 Sep 2025 AMC Acceptable means of compliance ## AMC 66.A.45(d);(e)3;(f)1;(g)1;(h) Endorsement with aircraft ratings 1\. The ‘practical experience’ should cover a representative cross section including at least: for categories B1, B2, B2L and B3: 50 % of the tasks contained in Appendix II to the AMC relevant to the licence category and to the applicable [aircraft](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/aircraft) type ratings or aircraft (sub)group ratings being endorsed; for category L: in the subcategories L1, L1C, L2 or L2C: 50 % as in the paragraph related to B1, B2, B2L or B3; in the subcategories L3H and L3G for ‘Balloons’ or L4H, L4G and L5 for ‘Airships’, 80 % of the tasks should be demonstrated, and should include the tasks identified with an asterisk (\*) in the Appendix; This experience should cover tasks from each paragraph of the Appendix II list. Other tasks than those in the Appendix II may be considered as a replacement when they are relevant. In the case of (sub)group ratings, this experience may be shown by covering one or several aircraft types of the applicable (sub)group and may include experience on aircraft classified in group 1, 2 and/or 3 as long as the experience is relevant. The practical experience should be obtained under the supervision of authorised [certifying staff](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/certifying-staff). 2\. In the case of endorsement of individual type ratings for Group 2 and Group 3 aircraft, for the second aircraft type of each manufacturer (sub)group the practical experience should be reduced to 30% of the tasks contained in Appendix II to AMC relevant to the licence category and to the applicable aircraft type. For subsequent aircraft types of each manufacturer (sub) group this should be reduced to 20%. 3\. Practical experience should be demonstrated by the submission of records or a log book showing the Appendix II tasks performed by the applicant. Typical data to be recorded are similar to those described in AMC 66.A.20(b)2. AMC · AMC 66.A.45(d) — Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 · ED Decision 2019/009/R · Continuing Airworthiness Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 2 Sep 2025 AMC Acceptable means of compliance ## AMC1 66.A.45(da) Endorsement with aircraft ratings RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF THE [AIRCRAFT](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/aircraft) MANUFACTURER REFERRED TO IN POINT 66.A.45(da) In the case of a manufacturing [organisation](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/organisation) that holds a production organisation approval in accordance with Part 21, the organisation should issue a declaration of accomplishment and a training report containing relevant information as regards the syllabus and the level of knowledge obtained by the candidate, mentioning the personnel involved in the training and examination, and declaring that the aircraft type training delivered by the organisation to the candidate has been conducted fulfilling the conditions of point 66.A.45(da). The responsible person that signs off the declaration of accomplishment and the training report should be a nominated person referred to in point 21.A.145(c)(2) and be sufficiently knowledgeable of Appendix III of Part-66 and of point 66.A.45 (da). The training report may be drafted by another person (e.g. trainer, assessor, examiner) involved in such process. Personnel that deliver the training or assess or examine the competence of the candidate should have relevant knowledge and experience, and have direct access to the responsible person and their names quoted in the report. The manufacturer should be able to demonstrate compliance with this AMC to the satisfaction of the licensing authority. For cases where the manufacturing organisation does not hold a production organisation approval in accordance with Part 21, similar arrangements may be accepted by the licensing authority that will endorse the aircraft type on the licence before the training is delivered. AMC · AMC1 66.A.45(da) — Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 · Continuing Airworthiness Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 2 Sep 2025 AMC Acceptable means of compliance ## AMC 66.A.45(e) Endorsement with aircraft ratings 1\. For the granting of manufacturer subgroup ratings for Group 2 [aircraft](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/aircraft), for B1 and C licence holders, the sentence ‘at least two aircraft types from the same manufacturer which combined are representative of the applicable manufacturer subgroup’ means that the selected aircraft types should cover the technologies relevant to the manufacturer subgroup in the following areas: Flight control systems (mechanical controls/hydromechanically powered controls / electromechanically powered controls); and Avionic systems (analogue systems / digital systems); and Structure (manufactured of metal / composite / wood). In cases where there are very different aircraft types within the same manufacturer subgroup, it may be necessary to cover more than two aircraft types to ensure adequate representation. For this purpose it may be possible to use aircraft types from the same manufacturer classified in Group 1 as long as the selected aircraft belong to the same licence subcategory for which the rating will be endorsed. 2\. For the granting of full subgroup ratings for Group 2 aircraft, for B1 and C licence holders, the sentence ‘at least three aircraft types from different manufacturers which combined are representative of the applicable subgroup’ means that the selected aircraft types should cover all the technologies relevant to the manufacturer subgroup in the following areas: Flight control systems (mechanical controls/hydromechanically powered controls / electromechanically powered controls); and Avionic systems (analogue systems / digital systems); and Structure (manufactured of metal / composite / wood). In cases where there are very different aircraft types within the same subgroup, it may be necessary to cover more than three aircraft types to ensure adequate representation. For this purpose it may be possible to use aircraft types from different manufacturers classified in Group 1 as long as the selected aircraft belong to the same licence subcategory for which the rating will be endorsed. 3\. For manufacturer subgroup ratings, the term ‘manufacturer’ means the TC holder defined in the certification data sheet, which is reflected in the list of type ratings in Appendix I to AMC to Part-66. In the case of an aircraft rating where the type rating refers to a TC holder made of a combination of two manufacturers which produce a similar aircraft (i.e. AGUSTA / BELL [HELICOPTER](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/helicopter) TEXTRON or any case of aircraft similarly built by another manufacturer) this combination should be considered as one manufacturer. As a consequence: When a licence holder gets a manufacturer type or a manufacturer subgroup rating made of a combination of manufacturers, it covers the combination of such manufacturers. When a licence holder who intends to endorse a full subgroup rating selects three aircraft from different manufacturers, this means from different combinations of manufacturers as applicable. AMC · AMC 66.A.45(e) — Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 · ED Decision 2015/029/R · Continuing Airworthiness Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 2 Sep 2025 GM Guidance material ## GM1 66.A.45(h)(ii) Endorsement with aircraft ratings For subcategories L1 and L2, it is possible to endorse the corresponding ratings with limitations depending on the type of structures covered by the experience gained. For subcategory L3G, it is possible to endorse the rating ‘gas balloons’ with a limitation to ‘other than ELA1 gas balloons’ if the experience gained only covers ELA1 gas balloons. However, the limitations referred to in 66.A.45(h)(ii) do not apply for subcategories L1C, L2C, L3H, L4H and L4G. The ratings on these licences can only be obtained after demonstration of the appropriate experience representative of the full scope of the licence subcategory. GM · GM1 66.A.45(h)(ii) — Regulation (EU) No 1321/2014 · ED Decision 2023/019/R · Continuing Airworthiness Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 2 Sep 2025 [All rules in SECTION A — TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/continuing-airworthiness/part-66/section-a-technical-requirements) Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 2 Sep 2025, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.