--- title: "AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training – Basic training — INITIAL TRAINING CONTENT, ATCO — COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2015/340 — extract 5 · Avioverse" description: "SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT The subject objective is: Learners shall describe the basic principles of the theory of flight and aircraft characteristics and how…" url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/atco/initial-training-content/commission-regulation-eu-2015-340/amc1-atco-d-010-a-1-7" --- # AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training – Basic training INITIAL TRAINING CONTENT · Regulation (EU) 2015/340 · EAR revision 14 Jun 2024 AMC Acceptable means of compliance ## AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training – Basic training SUBJECT 6: AIRCRAFT The subject objective is: Learners shall describe the basic principles of the theory of flight and aircraft characteristics and how these influence ATS operations. \[applicable until 3 August 2024 - ED Decision 2019/023/R] | TOPIC ACFTB 1 — INTRODUCTION TO AIRCRAFT | | | | | -------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | - | | Subtopic ACFTB 1.1 — Application of units of measurement | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 1.1.1 | Apply the units of measurement appropriate to aircraft and principles of flight. | 3 | | | Subtopic ACFTB 1.2 — Aviation and aircraft | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 1.2.1 | Explain the relevance of theory of flight and aircraft characteristics in ATS operations. | 2 | | \[applicable until 3 August 2024 - ED Decision 2019/023/R] | TOPIC ACFTB 1 — INTRODUCTION TO AIRCRAFT | | | | | -------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | - | | Subtopic ACFTB 1.1 — Application of units of measurement | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 1.1.1 | Apply the units of measurement appropriate to aircraft and the principles of flight. | 3 | | | Subtopic ACFTB 1.2 — Aviation and aircraft | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 1.2.1 | Explain the relevance of theory of flight and aircraft characteristics in ATS operations. | 2 | | \[applicable from 4 August 2024 - ED Decision 2023/011/R] | TOPIC ACFTB 2 — PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT | | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic ACFTB 2.1 — Forces acting on aircraft | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 2.1.1 | Explain the forces acting on an aircraft in flight and their interaction. | 2 | Lift, thrust, drag, weight during level flight Optional content: during climb, descent, turn | | BASIC ACFTB 2.1.2 | Explain causes and effects of wake turbulence. | 2 | Induced drag | | Subtopic ACFTB 2.2 — Structural components and control of an aircraft | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 2.2.1 | Describe the main structural components of an aircraft. | 2 | Rotary and fixed wing, tail plane, fuselage, flap, aileron, elevator, rudder, landing gear | | BASIC ACFTB 2.2.2 | Explain how the pilot controls the movements of an aircraft. | 2 | Rudder, aileron, elevator, throttle, rotary wing controls | | BASIC ACFTB 2.2.3 | Explain the factors affecting aircraft stability. | 2 | | | Subtopic ACFTB 2.3 — Flight envelope | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 2.3.1 | Characterise the critical factors which affect aircraft performance. | 2 | Maximum speeds, minimum and stall speeds, ceiling, critical angle of attack, maximum ROC | \[applicable until 3 August 2024 - ED Decision 2019/023/R] | TOPIC ACFTB 2 — PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT | | | | | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic ACFTB 2.1 — Forces acting on aircraft | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 2.1.1 | Explain the forces acting on an aircraft in flight and their interaction. | 2 | Lift, thrust, drag, weight during level flight Optional content: during climb, descent, turn | | BASIC ACFTB 2.1.2 | Explain causes and effects of wake turbulence. | 2 | Induced drag | | Subtopic ACFTB 2.2 — Structural components and control of an aircraft | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 2.2.1 | Describe the main structural components of an aircraft. | 2 | Rotary and fixed wing, tail plane, fuselage, flap, aileron, elevator, rudder, landing gear | | BASIC ACFTB 2.2.2 | Explain how the pilot controls the movements of an aircraft. | 2 | Rudder, aileron, elevator, throttle, rotary wing controls | | BASIC ACFTB 2.2.3 | Explain the factors affecting aircraft stability. | 2 | | | BASIC ACFTB 2.2.4 | List aircraft design features reducing induced drag. | 1 | Optional content: winglet, tip tanks, reducing wing incidence, aspect ratio, etc. | | BASIC ACFTB 2.2.5 | Explain aircraft lights and their functions. | 2 | Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, ICAO Annex 6 Optional content: position lights, anti-collision lights, taxi lights, navigation lights, stroboscopic lights, landing lights | | Subtopic ACFTB 2.3 — Flight envelope | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 2.3.1 | Characterise the critical factors which affect aircraft performance. | 2 | Maximum speeds, minimum and stall speeds, ceiling, critical angle of attack, maximum ROC | \[applicable from 4 August 2024 - ED Decision 2023/011/R] | TOPIC ACFTB 3 — AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES | | | | | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | - | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Subtopic ACFTB 3.1 — Aircraft categories | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 3.1.1 | List the different categories of aircraft. | 1 | Fixed wing, rotary wing, balloon, glider, RPAS | | Subtopic ACFTB 3.2 — Wake turbulence categories | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 3.2.1 | List the wake turbulence categories. | 1 | ICAO Doc 4444 | | Subtopic ACFTB 3.3 — ICAO approach categories | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 3.3.1 | List the ICAO approach categories. | 1 | ICAO Doc 8168 | | Subtopic ACFTB 3.4 — Environmental categories | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 3.4.1 | List ICAO noise classification. | | ICAO Annex 16 Optional content https\://www\.easa.europa.eu/eaer/topics/technology-and-design/aircraft-noise | \[applicable until 3 August 2024 - ED Decision 2019/023/R] | TOPIC ACFTB 3 — AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES | | | | | ----------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | - | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Subtopic ACFTB 3.1 — Aircraft categories | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 3.1.1 | List the different categories of aircraft. | 1 | Fixed wing, rotary wing, balloon, glider, RPAS | | Subtopic ACFTB 3.2 — Wake turbulence categories | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 3.2.1 | List the wake turbulence categories. | 1 | Regulation (EU) 2017/373 | | Subtopic ACFTB 3.3 — ICAO approach categories | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 3.3.1 | List the ICAO approach categories. | 1 | ICAO Doc 8168 | | Subtopic ACFTB 3.4 — Environmental categories | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 3.4.1 | List the ICAO noise classification. | | ICAO Annex 16 Optional content https\://www\.easa.europa.eu/eaer/topics/technology-and-design/aircraft-noise | \[applicable from 4 August 2024 - ED Decision 2023/011/R] | TOPIC ACFTB 4 — AIRCRAFT DATA | | | | | ------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | --------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic ACFTB 4.1 — Recognition | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 4.1.1 | Recognise the most commonly used aircraft. | 1 | | | Subtopic ACFTB 4.2 — Performance data | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 4.2.1 | State the ICAO aircraft type designators and categories for the most commonly used aircraft. | 1 | Type designators, approach and wake turbulence categories | | BASIC ACFTB 4.2.2 | State the standard average performance data of the most commonly used aircraft. | 1 | Rate of climb/descent, cruising speed, ceiling | | TOPIC ACFTB 5 — AIRCRAFT ENGINES | | | | | -------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | ------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic ACFTB 5.1 — Piston engines | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 5.1.1 | Explain the operating principles, advantages and disadvantages of the piston engine and propeller. | 2 | Piston engines, fixed pitch, variable pitch, number of blades | | Subtopic ACFTB 5.2 — Jet engines | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 5.2.1 | Explain the operating principles, advantages and disadvantages of the jet engine. | 2 | | | BASIC ACFTB 5.2.2 | List the different types of jet engines. | 1 | | | Subtopic ACFTB 5.3 — Turboprop engines | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 5.3.1 | Explain the operating principles, advantages and disadvantages of the turboprop engine and propeller. | 2 | | | Subtopic ACFTB 5.4 — Aviation fuels | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 5.4.1 | List the most common aviation fuels. | 1 | | \[applicable until 3 August 2024 - ED Decision 2019/023/R] | TOPIC ACFTB 5 — AIRCRAFT ENGINES | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic ACFTB 5.1 — Piston engines | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 5.1.1 | Explain the operating principles, advantages and disadvantages of the piston engine and propeller. | 2 | Piston engines, fixed pitch, variable pitch, number of blades | | Subtopic ACFTB 5.2 — Jet engines | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 5.2.1 | Explain the operating principles, advantages and disadvantages of the jet engine. | 2 | | | BASIC ACFTB 5.2.2 | List the different types of jet engines. | 1 | | | Subtopic ACFTB 5.3 — Turboprop engines | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 5.3.1 | Explain the operating principles, advantages and disadvantages of the turboprop engine and propeller. | 2 | | | Subtopic ACFTB 5.4 — Electric engines | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 5.4.1 | Explain the operating principles, advantages and disadvantages of the electric engine. | 2 | | | Subtopic ACFTB 5.5 — Sources of energy used in aviation | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 5.5.1 | List the sources of energy used in aviation propulsion systems. | 1 | Petroleum-based fuels (Avgas, Jet A-1, Jet B, biokerosene), electrical energy stored or generated on board the aircraft Optional content: hydrogen cell | \[applicable from 4 August 2024 - ED Decision 2023/011/R] | TOPIC ACFTB 6 — AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTS | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic ACFTB 6.1 — Flight instruments | | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 6.1.1 | Explain the basic operating principles and interpretation of the information displayed by flight instruments. | | | 2 | Altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator, turn and bank indicator, artificial horizon, gyrosyn compass | | BASIC ACFTB 6.1.2 | Explain the impact of errors and abnormal indications of flight instruments on aircraft operations. | | | 2 | Optional content: pitot-static failures, unreliable gyro source | | Subtopic ACFTB 6.2 — Navigational instruments | | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 6.2.1 | | Describe the basic on-board operating principles and interpretation of the information displayed by navigational instruments/systems. | | 2 | Optional content: ADF, VOR (TACAN), DME, ILS, inertial reference system, satellite-based systems | | Subtopic ACFTB 6.3 — Engine instruments | | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 6.3.1 | | | List the vital engine monitoring parameters and their associated instruments. | 1 | Optional content: oil pressure and temperature, engine temperature, rpm, fuel state and flow | | Subtopic ACFTB 6.4 — Aircraft systems | | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 6.4.1 | | | Explain the use of the most common aircraft systems. | 2 | SSR transponder, GPWS, EFIS, flight director, autopilot, FMS, ice protection systems Optional content: ADS capability, head-up display, wind shear indicator, weather radar, hydraulic system, electrical system, environmental system | | BASIC ACFTB 6.4.2 | | | Explain the impact of degradation/failure of the most common aircraft systems on aircraft operations. | 2 | Engine failure Optional content: hydraulic failure, electrical failure, environmental system failure, degradation of aircraft position source data | \[applicable until 3 August 2024 - ED Decision 2019/023/R] | TOPIC ACFTB 6 — AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTS | | | | | | | -------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic ACFTB 6.1 — Flight instruments | | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 6.1.1 | Explain the basic operating principles and interpretation of the information displayed by flight instruments. | | | 2 | Altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator, turn and bank indicator, artificial horizon, gyrosyn compass | | BASIC ACFTB 6.1.2 | Explain the impact of errors and abnormal indications of flight instruments on aircraft operations. | | | 2 | Optional content: pitot-static failures, unreliable gyro source | | Subtopic ACFTB 6.2 — Navigational instruments | | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 6.2.1 | | Describe the basic on-board operating principles and interpretation of the information displayed by navigational instruments/systems. | | 2 | Optional content: ADF, VOR (TACAN), DME, ILS, inertial reference system, satellite-based systems | | Subtopic ACFTB 6.3 — Engine instruments | | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 6.3.1 | | | List the vital engine monitoring parameters and their associated instruments. | 1 | Optional content: oil pressure and temperature, engine temperature, rpm, fuel state and flow, battery resource | | Subtopic ACFTB 6.4 — Aircraft elements and systems | | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 6.4.1 | | | Explain the use of the most common aircraft systems. | 2 | SSR transponder, GPWS, EFIS, flight director, autopilot, FMS, ice protection, cabin pressurisation, fire detection and extinguishing, emergency oxygen supply systems Optional content: ADS capability, head-up display, wind shear indicator, weather radar, hydraulic system, electrical system, environmental system | | BASIC ACFTB 6.4.2 | | | Explain the impact of degradation/failure of the most common aircraft systems on aircraft operations. | 2 | Engine failure Optional content: hydraulic failure, electrical failure, environmental system failure, degradation of aircraft position source data | | BASIC ACFTB 6.4.3 | | | Explain common aircraft elements and their functions. | 2 | Aircraft cabin, flight deck, galley, doors, cargo compartments | \[applicable from 4 August 2024 - ED Decision 2023/011/R] | TOPIC ACFTB 7 — FACTORS AFFECTING AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE | | | | | | --------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | - | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic ACFTB 7.1 — Take-off factors | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 7.1.1 | Explain the factors affecting aircraft during take-off. | | 2 | Runway conditions, runway slope, wind, temperature, aerodrome elevation, aircraft mass | | Subtopic ACFTB 7.2 — Climb factors | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 7.2.1 | Explain the factors affecting aircraft during climb. | | 2 | Speed, mass, wind, wind shear, temperature, cabin pressurisation, air density | | Subtopic ACFTB 7.3 — Cruise factors | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 7.3.1 | Explain the factors affecting aircraft during cruise. | | 2 | Level, cruising speed, wind, mass, cabin pressurisation | | Subtopic ACFTB 7.4 — Descent and initial approach factors | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 7.4.1 | Explain the factors affecting aircraft during descent. | 2 | | Wind, speed, rate of descent, aircraft configuration, cabin pressurisation | | BASIC ACFTB 7.4.2 | Explain the factors affecting an aircraft in a holding pattern. | 2 | | Speed, level, turbulence, icing | | BASIC ACFTB 7.4.3 | Explain the benefits of continuous descent operations. | 2 | | | | Subtopic ACFTB 7.5 — Final approach and landing factors | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 7.5.1 | Explain the factors affecting aircraft during final approach and landing. | 2 | | Aircraft configuration, mass, wind, wind shear, aerodrome elevation, runway conditions, runway slope | | Subtopic ACFTB 7.6 — Economic factors | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 7.6.1 | Explain the economic consequences of ATC changes on the flight profile of an aircraft. | 2 | | Routing, flight level, speed, rates of climb or descent, continuous descent operations (CDO), continuous climb operations (CCO) | | Subtopic ACFTB 7.7 — Environmental factors | | | | | | BASIC ACFTB 7.7.1 | Explain performance restrictions due to environmental considerations. | 2 | | Optional content: continuous descent operations (CDO), continuous climb operations (CCO), fuel-dumping, noise-abatement procedures, minimum flight levels | AMC · AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) — Regulation (EU) 2015/340 · ED Decision 2023/011/R · ATCO Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 14 Jun 2024 [All rules in COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2015/340](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/atco/initial-training-content/commission-regulation-eu-2015-340) Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 14 Jun 2024, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.