--- title: "AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training – Basic training — INITIAL TRAINING CONTENT, ATCO — COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2015/340 — extract 3 · Avioverse" description: "SUBJECT 4: METEOROLOGY The subject objective is: Learners shall describe how meteorology affects ATS operations and aircraft performance, and apply…" url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/atco/initial-training-content/commission-regulation-eu-2015-340/amc1-atco-d-010-a-1-5" --- # AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training – Basic training INITIAL TRAINING CONTENT · Regulation (EU) 2015/340 · EAR revision 14 Jun 2024 AMC Acceptable means of compliance ## AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) Composition of initial training – Basic training SUBJECT 4: METEOROLOGY The subject objective is: Learners shall describe how meteorology affects ATS operations and aircraft performance, and apply meteorological information in the basic operational procedures of ATS. \[applicable until 3 August 2024 - ED Decision 2019/023/R] | TOPIC METB 1 — INTRODUCTION TO METEOROLOGY | | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic METB 1.1 — Application of units of measurement | | | | | BASIC METB 1.1.1 | Apply the units of measurement appropriate to meteorology. | 3 | | | Subtopic METB 1.2 — Aviation and meteorology | | | | | BASIC METB 1.2.1 | Explain the relevance of meteorology in aviation. | 2 | | | BASIC METB 1.2.2 | Explain the requirements for the provision of meteorological information available to operators, flight crew members, and to air traffic services. | 2 | Regulation (EU) 2017/373 Optional content: ICAO Annex 3, ICAO Annex 11 | | BASIC METB 1.2.3 | State the meteorological hazards to aviation. | 1 | Turbulence, thunderstorms, icing, micro bursts, squall, macro burst, wind shear, volcanic ash | | Subtopic METB 1.3 — Organisation of meteorological service | | | | | BASIC METB 1.3.1 | Name the basic duties, organisation and working methods of meteorological offices. | 1 | Optional content: WAFS, WAFC, MWO, VAAC, TCAC, SADIS | | BASIC METB 1.3.2 | State the international and national standards for coordination between ATS and MET services. | 1 | | \[applicable until 3 August 2024 - ED Decision 2019/023/R] | TOPIC METB 1 — INTRODUCTION TO METEOROLOGY | | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic METB 1.1 — Application of units of measurement | | | | | BASIC METB 1.1.1 | Apply the units of measurement appropriate to meteorology. | 3 | | | Subtopic METB 1.2 — Aviation and meteorology | | | | | BASIC METB 1.2.1 | Recognise the relevance of meteorology in aviation. | 1 | | | BASIC METB 1.2.2 | Explain the requirements for the provision of meteorological information available to operators, flight crew members, and to air traffic services. | 2 | Regulation (EU) 2017/373 Optional content: ICAO Annex 3, ICAO Annex 11 | | BASIC METB 1.2.3 | State the meteorological hazards to aviation. | 1 | Turbulence, thunderstorms, icing, micro bursts, squall, macro burst, wind shear, volcanic ash | | Subtopic METB 1.3 — Organisation of meteorological service | | | | | BASIC METB 1.3.1 | State the basic duties of meteorological offices. | 1 | Optional content: WAFS, WAFC, MWO, VAAC, TCAC, SADIS, aerodrome meteorological office, aeronautical meteorological station | | BASIC METB 1.3.2 | State the international and national standards for coordination between ATS and MET services. | 1 | | \[applicable from 4 August 2024 - ED Decision 2023/011/R] | TOPIC METB 2 — ATMOSPHERE | | | | | | --------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | | Subtopic METB 2.1 — Composition and structure | | | | | | BASIC METB 2.1.1 | State the composition and structure of the atmosphere. | 1 | Gases, layers | | | BASIC METB 2.1.2 | Describe the basic characteristics of the atmospheric parameters measured. | 2 | Temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, density | | | BASIC METB 2.1.3 | List the tools used for the collection of meteorological data. | 1 | Optional content: barometer, thermometer, ceilometer, anemometer, weather balloons, transmissometer, radar, satellites, etc. | | | Subtopic METB 2.2 — Standard atmosphere | | | | | | BASIC METB 2.2.1 | Describe the elements of the ISA. | 2 | Temperature, pressure, density | | | BASIC METB 2.2.2 | State the reasons why the ISA has been defined. | 1 | | | | Subtopic METB 2.3 — Heat and temperature | | | | | | BASIC METB 2.3.1 | Define the processes by which heat is transferred and how the atmosphere is heated. | 1 | Radiation, convection, advection, conduction, water cycle | | | BASIC METB 2.3.2 | Describe how temperature varies. | 2 | Adiabatic processes, lapse rates, stability, instability | | | BASIC METB 2.3.3 | State the influencing factors on surface temperature. | 1 | | | | Subtopic METB 2.4 — Water in the atmosphere | | | | | | BASIC METB 2.4.1 | Differentiate between the different processes related to atmospheric moisture. | 2 | Condensation, evaporation, sublimation, saturation | | | BASIC METB 2.4.2 | Characterise relative humidity, dew point and latent heat. | 2 | | | | Subtopic METB 2.5 — Air pressure | | | | | | BASIC METB 2.5.1 | Describe the relationship between pressure, temperature, density and height. | 2 | | | | BASIC METB 2.5.2 | Explain the relationship between pressure settings. | 2 | QFE, QNH, standard pressure | | | BASIC METB 2.5.3 | Explain the effect of air pressure and temperature on altimeter readings and the true altitude of aircraft. | 2 | | | | BASIC METB 2.5.4 | State how atmospheric pressure is measured. | 1 | | | \[applicable until 3 August 2024 - ED Decision 2019/023/R] | TOPIC METB 2 — ATMOSPHERE | | | | | | --------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | | Subtopic METB 2.1 — Composition and structure | | | | | | BASIC METB 2.1.1 | State the composition and structure of the atmosphere. | 1 | Gases, layers | | | BASIC METB 2.1.2 | Describe the basic characteristics of the atmospheric parameters measured. | 2 | Temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, density | | | BASIC METB 2.1.3 | List the tools used for the collection of meteorological data. | 1 | Optional content: barometer, thermometer, ceilometer, anemometer, weather balloons, transmissometer, radar, satellites, etc. | | | Subtopic METB 2.2 — Standard atmosphere | | | | | | BASIC METB 2.2.1 | Describe the elements of the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA). | 2 | Temperature, pressure, density | | | BASIC METB 2.2.2 | State the reasons why the ISA has been defined. | 1 | | | | Subtopic METB 2.3 — Heat and temperature | | | | | | BASIC METB 2.3.1 | Define the processes by which heat is transferred and how the atmosphere is heated. | 1 | Radiation, convection, advection, conduction, water cycle | | | BASIC METB 2.3.2 | Describe how temperature varies. | 2 | Adiabatic processes, lapse rates, stability, instability | | | BASIC METB 2.3.3 | State the influencing factors on surface temperature. | 1 | | | | Subtopic METB 2.4 — Water in the atmosphere | | | | | | BASIC METB 2.4.1 | Differentiate between the different processes related to atmospheric moisture. | 2 | Condensation, evaporation, sublimation, saturation | | | BASIC METB 2.4.2 | Characterise relative humidity, dew point and latent heat. | 2 | | | | Subtopic METB 2.5 — Air pressure | | | | | | BASIC METB 2.5.1 | Describe the relationship between pressure, temperature, density and height. | 2 | | | | BASIC METB 2.5.2 | Explain the relationship between pressure settings. | 2 | QFE, QNH, standard pressure | | | BASIC METB 2.5.3 | Explain the effect of air pressure and temperature on altimeter readings and the true altitude of aircraft. | 2 | | | \[applicable from 4 August 2024 - ED Decision 2023/011/R] | TOPIC METB 3 — ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION | | | | | -------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic METB 3.1 — General air circulation | | | | | BASIC METB 3.1.1 | State the major atmospheric circulation features on the Earth. | 1 | Optional content: Hadley cells, high and low belts, polar fronts, westerly winds, upper-level jet streams | | Subtopic METB 3.2 — Air masses and frontal systems | | | | | BASIC METB 3.2.1 | Describe the origin and movement of typical air masses and their general effect on European weather. | 2 | Polar, arctic, tropical, equatorial (maritime and continental) | | BASIC METB 3.2.2 | Describe the main isobaric features. | 2 | Cyclones, anticyclones, ridge, trough | | BASIC METB 3.2.3 | Describe the difference between various fronts and the associated weather. | 2 | Warm front, cold front, occluded front | | Subtopic METB 3.3 — Mesoscale systems | | | | | BASIC METB 3.3.1 | Describe the main phenomena caused by mesoscale systems. | 2 | Mountain waves, Föhn, slope and valley winds, thunderstorm, squall line Optional content: land/sea breezes, tornadoes, land spouts, waterspouts | | BASIC METB 3.3.2 | Explain the relevance of mesoscale systems to aviation. | 2 | | | Subtopic METB 3.4 — Wind | | | | | BASIC METB 3.4.1 | Explain the significance of wind phenomena and types. | 2 | Optional content: veering, backing, gusting, jet streams, land/sea breezes, Föhn, surface, upper | | BASIC METB 3.4.2 | State how wind is measured. | 1 | | | BASIC METB 3.4.3 | Explain the effect of forces which influence wind. | 2 | | \[applicable until 3 August 2024 - ED Decision 2019/023/R] | TOPIC METB 3 — ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION | | | | | -------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic METB 3.1 — General air circulation | | | | | BASIC METB 3.1.1 | State the major atmospheric circulation features on the Earth. | 1 | Optional content: Hadley cells, high and low belts, polar fronts, westerly winds, upper-level jet streams | | Subtopic METB 3.2 — Air masses and frontal systems | | | | | BASIC METB 3.2.1 | State the typical air masses relevant to European weather. | 1 | Optional content: polar, arctic, tropical, equatorial (maritime and continental) | | BASIC METB 3.2.2 | Recognise the main isobaric features. | 1 | Optional content: cyclones, anticyclones | | BASIC METB 3.2.3 | Describe the difference between various fronts and the associated weather. | 1 | Warm front, cold front, occluded front | | Subtopic METB 3.3 — Mesoscale systems | | | | | BASIC METB 3.3.1 | Recognise the main phenomena caused by mesoscale systems. | 1 | Mountain waves, valley winds, thunderstorm, squall line Optional content: land/sea breezes, tornadoes, land spouts, waterspouts, Föhn, slope winds | | BASIC METB 3.3.2 | Explain the relevance of mesoscale systems to aviation. | 2 | | | Subtopic METB 3.4 — Wind | | | | | BASIC METB 3.4.1 | Explain the significance of wind phenomena and types. | 2 | Optional content: veering, backing, gusting, jet streams, land/sea breezes, Föhn, surface, upper | | BASIC METB 3.4.2 | State the means by which wind is measured. | 1 | Anemometer, wind sock Optional content: wind sensor, Beaufort scale, etc. | | BASIC METB 3.4.3 | Explain the effect of forces which influence wind. | 2 | | \[applicable from 4 August 2024 - ED Decision 2023/011/R] | TOPIC METB 4 — METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA | | | | | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | - | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic METB 4.1 — Clouds | | | | | BASIC METB 4.1.1 | Explain the different conditions for the formation of clouds. | 2 | | | BASIC METB 4.1.2 | Recognise different cloud types. | 1 | | | BASIC METB 4.1.3 | State the cloud types’ main characteristics. | 1 | | | BASIC METB 4.1.4 | State how the cloud base and the amount of cloud are measured and/or observed. | 1 | | | BASIC METB 4.1.5 | Define cloud base and ceiling. | 1 | | | BASIC METB 4.1.6 | Differentiate between cloud base and ceiling. | 2 | | | Subtopic METB 4.2 — Types of precipitation | | | | | BASIC METB 4.2.1 | Explain the significance of precipitation in aviation. | 2 | | | BASIC METB 4.2.2 | Describe types of precipitation and their corresponding cloud families. | 2 | Optional content: rain, snow, snow grains, hail, ice pellets, ice crystals, drizzle | | Subtopic METB 4.3 — Visibility | | | | | BASIC METB 4.3.1 | Explain the causes of atmospheric obscurity. | 2 | | | BASIC METB 4.3.2 | Differentiate between different types of visibility. | 2 | Horizontal visibility, slant visibility, prevailing visibility, RVR | | BASIC METB 4.3.3 | State how visibility is measured. | 1 | | | BASIC METB 4.3.4 | Explain the significance of visibility in aviation. | 2 | | | Subtopic METB 4.4 — Meteorological hazards | | | | | BASIC METB 4.4.1 | Explain the meteorological hazards to aviation. | 2 | Turbulence, icing, micro bursts, macro burst, wind shear, thunderstorms, volcanic ash Optional content: squall | | BASIC METB 4.4.2 | Describe the effect of meteorological hazards on aviation. | 2 | | \[applicable until 3 August 2024 - ED Decision 2019/023/R] | TOPIC METB 4 — METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA | | | | | ------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | - | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic METB 4.1 — Clouds | | | | | BASIC METB 4.1.1 | Explain the different conditions for the formation of clouds. | 2 | | | BASIC METB 4.1.2 | State the different cloud types and their main characteristics. | 1 | | | BASIC METB 4.1.3 | State how the cloud base and the amount of cloud are measured and/or observed. | 1 | | | BASIC METB 4.1.4 | Define cloud base and ceiling. | 1 | | | BASIC METB 4.1.5 | Differentiate between cloud base and ceiling. | 2 | | | Subtopic METB 4.2 — Types of precipitation | | | | | BASIC METB 4.2.1 | Explain the significance of precipitation in aviation. | 2 | | | BASIC METB 4.2.2 | Describe types of precipitation and their corresponding cloud families. | 2 | Optional content: rain, snow, snow grains, hail, ice pellets, ice crystals, drizzle | | Subtopic METB 4.3 — Visibility | | | | | BASIC METB 4.3.1 | Explain the causes of atmospheric obscurity. | 2 | | | BASIC METB 4.3.2 | Differentiate between different types of visibility. | 2 | Horizontal visibility, slant visibility, prevailing visibility, RVR | | BASIC METB 4.3.3 | State the means by which visibility is measured. | 1 | | | BASIC METB 4.3.4 | Explain the significance of visibility in aviation. | 2 | | | Subtopic METB 4.4 — Meteorological hazards | | | | | BASIC METB 4.4.1 | Explain the meteorological hazards to aviation. | 2 | Turbulence, icing, micro bursts, macro burst, wind shear, thunderstorms, volcanic ash Optional content: squall | | BASIC METB 4.4.2 | Describe the effect of meteorological hazards on aviation. | 2 | | \[applicable from 4 August 2024 - ED Decision 2023/011/R] | TOPIC METB 5 — METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION FOR AVIATION | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------- | - | --------------------------------------------------------- | | Subtopic METB 5.1 — Messages and reports | | | | | BASIC METB 5.1.1 | Decode the content of weather reports and forecasts. | 3 | METAR, SPECI, TAF, SIGMET Optional content: local reports | AMC · AMC1 ATCO.D.010(a)(1) — Regulation (EU) 2015/340 · ED Decision 2023/011/R · ATCO Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 14 Jun 2024 [All rules in COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2015/340](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/atco/initial-training-content/commission-regulation-eu-2015-340) Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 14 Jun 2024, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.