--- title: "SPO.POL.110 Mass and balance system – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft — Part-SPO · Avioverse" description: "The operator shall establish a mass and balance system to determine for each flight or series of flights the following:" url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-spo/subpart-c/spo-pol-110" --- # SPO.POL.110 Mass and balance system – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft ANNEX VIII (Part-SPO) · Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · EAR revision 27 Mar 2026 IR Implementing rule ## SPO.POL.110 Mass and balance system – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft (a) The operator shall establish a mass and balance system to determine for each flight or series of flights the following: (1) [aircraft](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/aircraft) [dry operating mass](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/dry-operating-mass); (2) mass of the [traffic load](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/traffic-load); (3) mass of the fuel/energy load; (4) aircraft load and load distribution; (5) [take-off mass](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/take-off-mass), landing mass, and zero fuel/energy mass; and (6) applicable aircraft centre of gravity (CG) positions. (b) The flight crew shall be provided with a means of replicating and verifying any mass and balance computation based on electronic calculations. (c) The operator shall establish procedures to enable the pilot-in-command to determine the mass of the fuel/energy load by using the actual density or, if not known, the density calculated in accordance with a method specified in the operations manual. (d) The pilot-in-command shall ensure the following: (1) the loading of the aircraft is performed under the supervision of qualified personnel; (2) traffic load is consistent with the data used for the calculation of the aircraft mass and balance. (e) The operator shall specify, in the operations manual, the principles and methods involved in the loading and in the mass and balance system, which are in conformity with the requirements set out in points (a) to (d). That system shall cover all types of intended operations. IR · SPO.POL.110 — Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · Regulation (EU) 2023/217 · Air OPS Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 27 Mar 2026 AMC Acceptable means of compliance ## AMC1 SPO.POL.110(a)(1) Mass and balance system – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft [DRY OPERATING MASS](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/dry-operating-mass) The dry operating mass should include: (a) crew and equipment, and (b) removable [task specialist](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/task-specialist) equipment, if applicable. AMC · AMC1 SPO.POL.110(a)(1) — Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · ED Decision 2014/018/R · Air OPS Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 27 Mar 2026 AMC Acceptable means of compliance ## AMC1 SPO.POL.110(a)(2) Mass and balance system – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft SPECIAL STANDARD MASSES FOR [TRAFFIC LOAD](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/traffic-load) The operator should use standard mass values for other load items. These standard masses should be calculated on the basis of a detailed evaluation of the mass of the items. AMC · AMC1 SPO.POL.110(a)(2) — Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · ED Decision 2014/018/R · Air OPS Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 27 Mar 2026 GM Guidance material ## GM1 SPO.POL.110(a)(2) Mass and balance system – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft [TRAFFIC LOAD](https://avioverse.aero/glossary/easa/traffic-load) Traffic load includes task specialists. GM · GM1 SPO.POL.110(a)(2) — Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · ED Decision 2014/018/R · Air OPS Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 27 Mar 2026 AMC Acceptable means of compliance ## AMC1 SPO.POL.110(a)(3) Mass and balance system – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft FUEL LOAD The mass of the fuel load should be determined by using its actual relative density or a standard relative density. AMC · AMC1 SPO.POL.110(a)(3) — Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · ED Decision 2014/018/R · Air OPS Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 27 Mar 2026 GM Guidance material ## GM1 SPO.POL.110(a)(3) Mass and balance system – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft FUEL DENSITY (a) If the actual fuel density is not known, the operator may use standard fuel density values for determining the mass of the fuel load. Such standard values should be based on current fuel density measurements for the airports or areas concerned. (b) Typical fuel density values are: (1) Gasoline (piston engine fuel) – 0.71 ; (2) JET A1 (Jet fuel JP 1) – 0.79 ; (3) JET B (Jet fuel JP 4) – 0.76 ; (4) Oil – 0.88. GM · GM1 SPO.POL.110(a)(3) — Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · ED Decision 2014/018/R · Air OPS Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 27 Mar 2026 AMC Acceptable means of compliance ## AMC1 SPO.POL.110(a)(4) Mass and balance system – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft LOADING - STRUCTURAL LIMITS The loading should take into account additional structural limits such as the floor strength limitations, the maximum load per running metre, the maximum mass per cargo compartment, and/or the maximum seating limits as well as in-flight changes in loading. AMC · AMC1 SPO.POL.110(a)(4) — Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · ED Decision 2014/018/R · Air OPS Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 27 Mar 2026 GM Guidance material ## GM1 SPO.POL.110(b) Mass and balance system – commercial operations with aeroplanes and helicopters and non-commercial operations with complex motor-powered aircraft GENERAL The mass and balance computation may be available in flight planning documents or separate systems and may include standard load profiles. GM · GM1 SPO.POL.110(b) — Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · ED Decision 2014/018/R · Air OPS Easy Access Rules · EAR revision 27 Mar 2026 [All rules in SUBPART C: AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE AND OPERATING LIMITATIONS](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-spo/subpart-c) Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 27 Mar 2026, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use.