--- title: "ORO.FC.005 – ORO.FC.440: SUBPART FC: FLIGHT CREW (Part-ORO) — rule index · Avioverse" description: "ORO.FC.005 – ORO.FC.440, Regulation (EU) No 965/2012. This Subpart establishes the requirements for flight crew training, experience and qualifications…" url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc" --- # SUBPART FC: FLIGHT CREW ANNEX III (Part-ORO) · Air Operations · Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 · ORO.FC.005 – ORO.FC.440 On this page 1. ## [ORO.FC.005 Scope](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-005) This Subpart establishes the requirements for flight crew training, experience and qualifications to be met by an air operator, and comprises: [GM1 ORO.FC.005 Scope](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-005#gm1-oro-fc-005) 2. ## [ORO.FC.100 Composition of flight crew](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-100) The composition of the flight crew and the number of flight crew members at designated crew stations shall be not less than the minimum specified in the… [GM1 ORO.FC.100(c) Composition of flight crew](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-100#gm1-oro-fc-100-c) 3. ## [ORO.FC.105 Designation as pilot-in-command/commander](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-105) In accordance with point 8.6 of Annex V to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139, one pilot amongst the flight crew, qualified as pilot-in-command in accordance with… [AMC1 ORO.FC.105(b)(2) ;(c) Designation as pilot-in-command /commander](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-105#amc1-oro-fc-105-b-2) [AMC2 ORO.FC.105(b)(2) ;(c) Designation as pilotincommand / commander](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-105#amc2-oro-fc-105-b-2) [AMC3 ORO.FC.105(b)(2) ;(c) Designation as pilot-in-command/ commander](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-105#amc3-oro-fc-105-b-2) [GM1 ORO.FC.105(b)(2) Route and aerodrome knowledge](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-105#gm1-oro-fc-105-b-2) [GM2 ORO.FC.105(b)(2) Designation as pilotincommand/ commander](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-105#gm2-oro-fc-105-b-2) [AMC1 ORO.FC.105(b)(3) Designation as pilotincommand/ commander](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-105#amc1-oro-fc-105-b-3) [AMC1 ORO.FC.105(c) Designation as pilot-in-command/commander](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-105#amc1-oro-fc-105-c) [AMC2 ORO.FC.105(c) Designation as pilot-in-command/commander](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-105#amc2-oro-fc-105-c) [AMC1 ORO.FC.105(d) Designation as pilotincommand/commander](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-105#amc1-oro-fc-105-d) [GM1 ORO.FC.105(d) Designation as pilot-in-command/commander](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-105#gm1-oro-fc-105-d) 4. ## [GM1ORO.FC.105(c) Designation as pilot-in-command/commander](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/gm1oro-fc-105-c) AREA AND ROUTE FAMILIARISATION TRAINING DELIVERY When developing the area and route familiarisation training, the operator may apply the following… 5. ## [ORO.FC.110 Flight engineer](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-110) When a separate flight engineer station is incorporated in the design of an aeroplane, the flight crew shall include one crew member who is suitably… 6. ## [ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-115) Before operating, the flight crew member shall have received CRM training, appropriate to his/her role, as specified in the operations manual. [AMC1 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-115#amc1-oro-fc-115) [AMC2 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-115#amc2-oro-fc-115) [GM1 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-115#gm1-oro-fc-115) [GM2 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-115#gm2-oro-fc-115) [GM3 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-115#gm3-oro-fc-115) [GM4 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-115#gm4-oro-fc-115) [GM5 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-115#gm5-oro-fc-115) [GM6 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-115#gm6-oro-fc-115) [GM7 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-115#gm7-oro-fc-115) [GM8 ORO.FC.115 Crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-115#gm8-oro-fc-115) 7. ## [ORO.FC.120 Operator conversion training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-120) The flight crew member shall complete the operator conversion training course before commencing unsupervised line flying: [AMC1 ORO.FC.120 Operator conversion training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-120#amc1-oro-fc-120) [AMC2 ORO.FC.120 Operator conversion training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-120#amc2-oro-fc-120) [AMC3 ORO.FC.120 Operator conversion training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-120#amc3-oro-fc-120) [GM1 ORO.FC.120 Operator conversion training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-120#gm1-oro-fc-120) [AMC1 ORO.FC.120 &130 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-120#amc1-oro-fc-120-2) 8. ## [ORO.FC.125 Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-125) Flight crew members shall complete differences training or familiarisation when required by Annex I (Part- FCL) to Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011. [AMC1 ORO.FC.125 Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-125#amc1-oro-fc-125) [AMC2 ORO.FC.125 Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-125#amc2-oro-fc-125) [GM1 ORO.FC.125 Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-125#gm1-oro-fc-125) [AMC1 ORO.FC.125(b) Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-125#amc1-oro-fc-125-b) [GM1 ORO.FC.125(b) Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-125#gm1-oro-fc-125-b) [GM2 ORO.FC.125(b) Differences training, familiarisation, equipment and procedure training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-125#gm2-oro-fc-125-b) 9. ## [ORO.FC.130 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-130) Each flight crew member shall complete annual recurrent flight and ground training relevant to the type or variant, and associated equipment of aircraft… [AMC1 ORO.FC.130 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-130#amc1-oro-fc-130) [GM1 ORO.FC.130 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-130#gm1-oro-fc-130) [AMC1 ORO.FC.130(a) Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-130#amc1-oro-fc-130-a) 10. ## [ORO.FC.135 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-135) Flight crew members who may be assigned to operate in either pilot’s seat shall complete appropriate training and checking as specified in the operations… [AMC1 ORO.FC.135 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-135#amc1-oro-fc-135) 11. ## [ORO.FC.140 Operation on more than one type or variant](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-140) Flight crew members that operate more than one type or variant of aircraft shall comply with the requirements prescribed in this Subpart for each type or… [GM1 ORO.FC.140 Operation on more than one type or variant](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-140#gm1-oro-fc-140) [AMC1 ORO.FC.140(a) Operation on more than one type or variant](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-140#amc1-oro-fc-140-a) [GM1 ORO.FC.140(a) Operation on more than one type or variant](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-140#gm1-oro-fc-140-a) [AMC1 ORO.FC.140(b) Operation on more than one type or variant](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-140#amc1-oro-fc-140-b) [AMC1 ORO.FC.140(d) Operation on more than one type or variant](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-140#amc1-oro-fc-140-d) 12. ## [ORO.FC.145 Provision of training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-145) All training, checking and assessment required in this Subpart shall be conducted in accordance with the training programmes and syllabi established by… [AMC1 ORO.FC.145 Provision of training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-145#amc1-oro-fc-145) [GM1 ORO.FC.145 Provision of training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-145#gm1-oro-fc-145) [AMC1 ORO.FC.145(a) Provision of training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-145#amc1-oro-fc-145-a) [GM1 ORO.FC.145(a) Provision of training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-145#gm1-oro-fc-145-a) [AMC1 ORO.FC.145(b) Provision of training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-145#amc1-oro-fc-145-b) [AMC1 ORO.FC.145(d) Provision of training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-145#amc1-oro-fc-145-d) [AMC2 ORO.FC.145(d) Provision of training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-145#amc2-oro-fc-145-d) [GM1 ORO.FC.145(d) Provision of training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-145#gm1-oro-fc-145-d) [AMC1 ORO.FC.145(g) Provision of training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-145#amc1-oro-fc-145-g) 13. ## [ORO.FC.146 Personnel providing training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-146) All training, checking and assessment required in this Subpart shall be conducted by appropriately qualified personnel. [AMC1 ORO.FC.146 Personnel providing training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-146#amc1-oro-fc-146) [AMC2 ORO.FC.146 Personnel providing training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-146#amc2-oro-fc-146) [AMC1 ORO.FC.146(b) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-146#amc1-oro-fc-146-b) [AMC1 ORO.FC.146(c) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-146#amc1-oro-fc-146-c) [AMC2 ORO.FC.146(c) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-146#amc2-oro-fc-146-c) [GM1 ORO.FC.146(c) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-146#gm1-oro-fc-146-c) [GM2 ORO.FC.146(c) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-146#gm2-oro-fc-146-c) [GM3 ORO.FC.146(c) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-146#gm3-oro-fc-146-c) [AMC1 ORO.FC.146(e) ;(f)&(g) Personnel providing training, checking and assessment](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-146#amc1-oro-fc-146-e) 14. ## [ORO.FC.200 Composition of flight crew](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-200) There shall not be more than one inexperienced flight crew member in any flight crew. [AMC1 ORO.FC.200(a) Composition of flight crew](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-200#amc1-oro-fc-200-a) 15. ## [ORO.FC.A.201 In-flight relief of flight crew members](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-201) The commander may delegate the conduct of the flight to: another qualified commander; [AMC1 ORO.FC.A.201(a)(2)(ii) In-flight relief of flight crew members](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-201#amc1-oro-fc-a-201-a-2-ii) [GM1 ORO.FC.A.201(a)(2)(ii) In-flight relief of flight crew member](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-201#gm1-oro-fc-a-201-a-2-ii) [GM1 ORO.FC.A.201(a)(2)(ii) ;(iii) In-flight relief of flight crew members](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-201#gm1-oro-fc-a-201-a-2-ii-2) [GM1 ORO.FC.A.201(b)(2)(iii) In-flight relief of flight crew members](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-201#gm1-oro-fc-a-201-b-2-iii) 16. ## [ORO.FC.202 Single-pilot operations under IFR or at night](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-202) In order to be able to fly under IFR or at night with a minimum flight crew of one pilot, the following shall be complied with: 17. ## [ORO.FC.205 Command course](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-205) For aeroplane and helicopter operations, the command course shall include at least the following elements: [AMC1 ORO.FC.205 Command course](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-205#amc1-oro-fc-205) 18. ## [ORO.FC.215 Initial operator’s crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-215) The flight crew member shall have completed an initial CRM training course before commencing unsupervised line flying. [AMC1 ORO.FC.215 Initial operator’s crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-215#amc1-oro-fc-215) 19. ## [ORO.FC.220 Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220) CRM training shall be integrated into the operator conversion training course. [AMC1 ORO.FC.220 Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#amc1-oro-fc-220) [AMC2 ORO.FC.220 Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#amc2-oro-fc-220) [AMC3 ORO.FC.220 Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#amc3-oro-fc-220) [AMC1 ORO.FC.220(b) Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#amc1-oro-fc-220-b) [GM1 ORO.FC.220(b) Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#gm1-oro-fc-220-b) [GM1 ORO.FC.220(c) Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#gm1-oro-fc-220-c) [GM1 ORO.FC.220(d) Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#gm1-oro-fc-220-d) [AMC1 ORO.FC.220(f) Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#amc1-oro-fc-220-f) [GM1 ORO.FC.220(f) Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#gm1-oro-fc-220-f) [AMC1 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#amc1-oro-fc-220-2) [AMC2 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#amc2-oro-fc-220-2) [GM1 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#gm1-oro-fc-220) [GM2 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#gm2-oro-fc-220) [GM3 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#gm3-oro-fc-220) [GM4 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#gm4-oro-fc-220) [GM5 ORO.FC.220 &230 Operator conversion training and checking & recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-220#gm5-oro-fc-220) 20. ## [ORO.FC.230 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-230) Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and checking relevant to the type or variant, and associated equipment of aircraft on which… [AMC1 ORO.FC.230 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-230#amc1-oro-fc-230) [AMC2 ORO.FC.230 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-230#amc2-oro-fc-230) [AMC3 ORO.FC.230 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-230#amc3-oro-fc-230) [GM1 ORO.FC.230 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-230#gm1-oro-fc-230) [GM1 ORO.FC.230(a) ;(b);(f) Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-230#gm1-oro-fc-230-a) 21. ## [ORO.FC.231 Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231) EBT PROGRAMME (1) The operator may substitute the requirements of ORO.FC.230 by establishing, implementing and maintaining a suitable EBT programme… [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-a) [AMC2 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc2-oro-fc-231-a) [AMC3 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc3-oro-fc-231-a) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-a) [GM2 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm2-oro-fc-231-a) [GM3 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm3-oro-fc-231-a) [GM4 ORO.FC.231(a) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm4-oro-fc-231-a) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a)(1) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-a-1) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a)(2) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-a-2) [AMC2 ORO.FC.231(a)(2) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc2-oro-fc-231-a-2) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(a)(2) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-a-2) [GM2 ORO.FC.231(a)(2) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm2-oro-fc-231-a-2) [GM3 ORO.FC.231(a)(2) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm3-oro-fc-231-a-2) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a)(3) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-a-3) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(a)(3) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-a-3) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a)(4) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-a-4) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(a)(4) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-a-4) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(a)(5) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-a-5) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(a)(5) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-a-5) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(b) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-b) [AMC2 ORO.FC.231(b) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc2-oro-fc-231-b) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(b) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-b) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(c) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-c) [AMC2 ORO.FC.231(c) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc2-oro-fc-231-c) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(c) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-c) [GM2 ORO.FC.231(c) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm2-oro-fc-231-c) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-d-1) [AMC2 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc2-oro-fc-231-d-1) [AMC3 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc3-oro-fc-231-d-1) [AMC4 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc4-oro-fc-231-d-1) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-d-1) [GM2 ORO.FC.231(d)(1) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm2-oro-fc-231-d-1) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(d)(2) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-d-2) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(d)(2) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-d-2) [GM2 ORO.FC.231(d)(2) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm2-oro-fc-231-d-2) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(e) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-e) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-f) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(f)(3) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-f-3) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-f) [GM2 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm2-oro-fc-231-f) [GM3 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm3-oro-fc-231-f) [GM4 ORO.FC.231(f) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm4-oro-fc-231-f) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(g) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-g) [AMC2 ORO.FC.231(g) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc2-oro-fc-231-g) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(g) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-g) [GM2 ORO.FC.231(g) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm2-oro-fc-231-g) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(h) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-h) [AMC2 ORO.FC.231(h) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc2-oro-fc-231-h) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(h)(3) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-h-3) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(h) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-h) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(h)(4) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-h-4) [AMC1 ORO.FC.231(i) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#amc1-oro-fc-231-i) [GM1 ORO.FC.231(i) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm1-oro-fc-231-i) [GM2 ORO.FC.231(i) Evidence-based training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-231#gm2-oro-fc-231-i) 22. ## [ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232) The operator shall ensure that each pilot is exposed to the assessment and training topics. [AMC1 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232#amc1-oro-fc-232) [AMC2 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232#amc2-oro-fc-232) [AMC3 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232#amc3-oro-fc-232) [AMC4 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232#amc4-oro-fc-232) [AMC5 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232#amc5-oro-fc-232) [AMC6 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232#amc6-oro-fc-232) [AMC8 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232#amc8-oro-fc-232) [GM1 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232#gm1-oro-fc-232) [GM2 ORO.FC.232 EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232#gm2-oro-fc-232) [AMC1 ORO.FC.232(b)(1) EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232#amc1-oro-fc-232-b-1) [AMC1 ORO.FC.232(b)(3) EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-232#amc1-oro-fc-232-b-3) 23. ## [AMC7 ORO.FC232 EBT programme assessment and training topics](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/amc7-oro-fc232) GENERATION 1 (JET) — EBT PROGRAMME — TABLE OF ASSESSMENT AND TRAINING TOPICS Given the very small number of turbo-jet aeroplanes of the first generation… 24. ## [ORO.FC.235 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — aeroplanes](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-235) Commanders of aeroplanes whose duties require them to operate in either pilot’s seat and carry out the duties of a co-pilot, or commanders required to… [GM1 ORO.FC.235(e) ;(f) Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-235#gm1-oro-fc-235-e) 25. ## [ORO.FC.236 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — helicopters](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-236) Helicopter pilots whose duties require them to operate in either pilot’s seat shall complete additional training and checking to ensure that they are… [AMC1 ORO.FC.236 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — helicopters](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-236#amc1-oro-fc-236) [GM1 ORO.FC.236 Pilot qualification to operate in either pilot’s seat — helicopters](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-236#gm1-oro-fc-236) 26. ## [ORO.FC.240 Operation on more than one type or variant](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-240) The procedures or operational restrictions for operation on more than one type or variant established in the operations manual and approved by the… [AMC1 ORO.FC.240 Operation on more than one type or variant](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-240#amc1-oro-fc-240) 27. ## [ORO.FC.A.245 Alternative training and qualification programme](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-245) The aeroplane operator having appropriate experience may substitute one or more of the following training and checking requirements for flight crew by an… [AMC1 ORO.FC.A.245 Alternative training and qualification programme](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-245#amc1-oro-fc-a-245) [GM1 ORO.FC.A.245 Alternative training and qualification programme](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-245#gm1-oro-fc-a-245) [GM2 ORO.FC.A.245 Alternative training and qualification programme](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-245#gm2-oro-fc-a-245) [GM3 ORO.FC.A.245 Alternative training and qualification programme](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-245#gm3-oro-fc-a-245) [AMC1 ORO.FC.A.245(a) Alternative training and qualification programme](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-245#amc1-oro-fc-a-245-a) [AMC1 ORO.FC.A.245(d) ;(e)(2) Alternative training and qualification programme](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-245#amc1-oro-fc-a-245-d) [GM1 ORO.FC.A.245(e)(2) Alternative training and qualification programme](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-245#gm1-oro-fc-a-245-e-2) [AMC1 ORO.FC.A.245(g) Alternative training and qualification programme](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-245#amc1-oro-fc-a-245-g) 28. ## [ORO.FC.A.250 Commanders holding a CPL(A)](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-a-250) The holder of a CPL(A) (aeroplane) shall only act as commander in commercial air transport on a single-pilot aeroplane if either of the following… 29. ## [ORO.FC.H.250 Commanders holding a CPL(H)](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-h-250) Holders of a CPL(H) (helicopter) shall only act as commanders in CAT operations on a singlepilot helicopter if: 30. ## [ORO.FC.320 Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-320) The operator conversion course shall include an operator proficiency check. [AMC1 ORO.FC.320 Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-320#amc1-oro-fc-320) 31. ## [ORO.FC.325 Equipment and procedure training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-325) If a flight crew member undergoes equipment and procedure training that requires training on a suitable FSTD or the aircraft, with regard to standard… [AMC1 ORO.FC.325 Equipment and procedure training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-325#amc1-oro-fc-325) 32. ## [ORO.FC.330 Recurrent training and checking — operator proficiency check](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-330) Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and operator proficiency checks. [AMC1 ORO.FC.330 Recurrent training and checking — operator proficiency check](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-330#amc1-oro-fc-330) [GM1 ORO.FC.330 Recurrent training and checking — operator proficiency check](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-330#gm1-oro-fc-330) 33. ## [ORO.FC.400 Flight crew composition](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-400) The minimum flight crew composition for IAM operations with manned VTOL-capable aircraft (VCA) shall correspond to that specified in the operations… 34. ## [ORO.FC.415 Initial operator’s crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-415) The flight crew member shall complete an initial CRM training course before commencing unsupervised line flying. [AMC1 ORO.FC.415 Initial operator’s crew resource management (CRM) training](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-415#amc1-oro-fc-415) 35. ## [ORO.FC.420 Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-420) CRM training shall be integrated into the operator conversion training course. [AMC1 ORO.FC.420 Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-420#amc1-oro-fc-420) [AMC2 ORO.FC.420 Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-420#amc2-oro-fc-420) [GM1 ORO.FC.420(b) Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-420#gm1-oro-fc-420-b) [GM1 ORO.FC.420(d) Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-420#gm1-oro-fc-420-d) [AMC1 ORO.FC.420(e) Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-420#amc1-oro-fc-420-e) [GM1 ORO.FC.420 ; 430 Operator conversion training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-420#gm1-oro-fc-420) 36. ## [ORO.FC.430 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-430) Each flight crew member shall complete recurrent training and checking relevant to the VCA type or variant on which they operate, and to associated… [AMC1 ORO.FC.430 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-430#amc1-oro-fc-430) [AMC2 ORO.FC.430 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-430#amc2-oro-fc-430) [GM1 ORO.FC.430 Recurrent training and checking](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-430#gm1-oro-fc-430) 37. ## [ORO.FC.440 Conducting operations on more than one type or variant](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-440) The procedures or operational restrictions for conducting operations on more than one type or variant established in the operations manual and approved… [AMC1 ORO.FC.440 Operations on more than one type or variant](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-440#amc1-oro-fc-440) [GM1 ORO.FC.440 Operations on more than one type or variant](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/part-oro/subpart-fc/oro-fc-440#gm1-oro-fc-440) Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 27 Mar 2026, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. 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