--- title: "Powers and recitals — ANNEX I – Definitions, Air OPS — rule index · Avioverse" description: "Powers and recitals (39 paragraphs), Regulation (EU) No 965/2012. For the purpose of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply:" url: "https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals" --- # Powers and recitals ANNEX I – Definitions · Air Operations · Regulation (EU) No 965/2012 1. ## [Annex I — Definitions for terms used in Annexes II to IX](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/annex-i-definitions-for-terms-used-in-annexes-ii-to-ix) For the purpose of this Regulation, the following definitions shall apply: 2. ## [GM1 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm1-annex-i-definitions) DEFINITIONS FOR TERMS USED IN ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE AND GUIDANCE MATERIAL For the purpose of Acceptable Means of Compliance and Guidance… 3. ## [GM2 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm2-annex-i-definitions) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS The following abbreviations are used in the Annexes to this Regulation: 4. ## [GM3 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm3-annex-i-definitions) HELIDECK The term ‘helideck’ includes take-off and landing operations on ships and vessels and covers ‘shipboard final approach and take off areas (FATOs). 5. ## [GM4 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm4-annex-i-definitions) HEAD-UP GUIDANCE LANDING SYSTEM (HUDLS) A HUDLS is typically used for primary approach guidance to decision heights of 50 ft. 6. ## [GM5 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm5-annex-i-definitions) HELICOPTER EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (HEMS) FLIGHT (a) A HEMS flight (or more commonly referred to as HEMS mission) normally starts and ends at the HEMS… 7. ## [GM6 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm6-annex-i-definitions) HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT Those parts of an open-sea area not considered to constitute a hostile environment should be designated by the appropriate authority… 8. ## [GM7 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm7-annex-i-definitions) NIGHT VISION IMAGING SYSTEM (NVIS) Helicopter components of the NVIS include the radio altimeter, visual warning system and audio warning system. 9. ## [GM8 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm8-annex-i-definitions) OFFSHORE LOCATION ‘Offshore location’ includes, but is not limited to: 10. ## [GM9 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm9-annex-i-definitions) OFFSHORE OPERATIONS An offshore operation is considered to be a helicopter flight for the purpose of: 11. ## [GM10 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm10-annex-i-definitions) COASTLINE The national definition of coastline should be included by the appropriate authority in the aeronautical information publication (AIP) or other… 12. ## [GM11 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm11-annex-i-definitions) PUBLIC INTEREST SITE An example of a public interest sites is a landing site based at a hospital located in a hostile environment in a congested area… 13. ## [GM12 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm12-annex-i-definitions) TECHNICAL INSTRUCTIONS The ICAO document number for the Technical Instructions is Doc 9284-AN/905. 14. ## [GM13 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm13-annex-i-definitions) V1 The first action includes for example: apply brakes, reduce thrust, deploy speed brakes. 15. ## [GM14 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm14-annex-i-definitions) TASK SPECIALISTS For the purpose of this Regulation, persons that are carried in a specialised operation, e.g. 16. ## [GM15 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm15-annex-i-definitions) UPSET PREVENTION AND RECOVERY TRAINING (UPRT) DEFINITIONS ‘Aeroplane upset prevention and recovery training (UPRT)’ refers to training consisting of: 17. ## [GM16 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm16-annex-i-definitions) MINOR FAILURE CONDITION Minor failure conditions may include, for example, a slight reduction in safety margins or functional capabilities, a slight… 18. ## [GM17 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm17-annex-i-definitions) SIMPLE AND COMPLEX PERSONNEL-CARRYING DEVICE SYSTEM (PCDS) (a) The following may qualify as a simple PCDS: 19. ## [GM18 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm18-annex-i-definitions) DETERMINING THE PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS (a) The principal place of business encompasses the principal financial functions and operational control of… 20. ## [GM19 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm19-annex-i-definitions) EVIDENCE-BASED TRAINING ‘Behaviour’ refers to the way a person responds, either overtly or covertly, to a specific set of conditions, and which is… 21. ## [GM20 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm20-annex-i-definitions) CONTAMINATED RUNWAY As the runway condition is reported in runway thirds, a significant portion of the runway surface area is more than 25 % of one third… 22. ## [GM21 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm21-annex-i-definitions) DRY RUNWAY/WET RUNWAY The ‘area intended to be used’ means the area of the runway that is part of the TORA, accelerate and stop distance available (ASDA)… 23. ## [GM22 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm22-annex-i-definitions) RUNWAY CONDITION CODE (RWYCC) The purpose of the runway condition code (RWYCC) is to permit an operational aeroplane landing performance calculation by… 24. ## [GM23 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm23-annex-i-definitions) RUNWAY SURFACE CONDITION(S) (a) The runway surface conditions used in the RCR establish a common language between the aerodrome operator, the aeroplane… 25. ## [GM24 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm24-annex-i-definitions) RUNWAY SURFACE CONDITION DESCRIPTORS — GENERAL The runway surface condition descriptors are used solely in the context of the RCR and are not intended to… 26. ## [GM25 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm25-annex-i-definitions) LANDING DISTANCE AT TIME OF ARRIVAL The landing distance data to be used for a landing performance assessment at time of arrival allow to establish an… 27. ## [GM26 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm26-annex-i-definitions) SLIPPERY WET RUNWAY (a) The surface friction characteristics of the runway are considered degraded when below the minimum standards. 28. ## [GM27 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm27-annex-i-definitions) FLIGHT RECORDER A flight recorder may be crash-protected or lightweight and may be deployable or not. 29. ## [GM28 Annex I Definitions for terms used in Annexes II to VIII](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm28-annex-i-definitions-for-terms-used-in-annexes-ii-to-viii) FLIGHT MONITORING AND FLIGHT WATCH — RELEVANT SAFETY INFORMATION Relevant safety information is any element that may affect the safety of the flight… 30. ## [GM29 Annex I Definitions for terms used in Annexes II to VIII](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm29-annex-i-definitions-for-terms-used-in-annexes-ii-to-viii) FUEL/ENERGY The energy used for aircraft propulsion comes from various sources and is of various types. 31. ## [GM30 Annex I Definitions for terms used in Annexes II to VIII](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm30-annex-i-definitions-for-terms-used-in-annexes-ii-to-viii) FUEL/ENERGY EN ROUTE ALTERNATE (ERA) AERODROME Fuel/energy ERA aerodromes could be used in the following cases: 32. ## [GM31 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm31-annex-i-definitions) DEFINITIONS OF TERMS RELATED TO ALL-WEATHER OPERATIONS The following terms and concepts are used in the provisions related to all-weather operations in… 33. ## [GM32 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm32-annex-i-definitions) EFVSs — DIFFERENCES WITH ENHANCED VISION SYSTEMS (EVSs) (a) Introduction to EVSs EVSs use sensing technology to improve a pilot’s ability to detect… 34. ## [GM33 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm33-annex-i-definitions) INSTRUMENT APPROACH OPERATIONS (a) Depending on the instrument approach procedure (IAP) in use, the lateral and vertical navigation guidance for an… 35. ## [GM34 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm34-annex-i-definitions) DECISION ALTITUDE (DA) OR DECISION HEIGHT (DH) (a) Decision altitude (DA) is referenced to mean sea level and decision height (DH) is referenced to the… 36. ## [GM35 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm35-annex-i-definitions) MINIMUM DESCENT ALTITUDE (MDA) OR MINIMUM DESCENT HEIGHT (MDH) (a) Minimum descent altitude (MDA) is referenced to mean sea level and minimum descent… 37. ## [GM36 Annex I Definitions](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm36-annex-i-definitions) GROUND SUPERVISION (a) Ground supervision may be contracted by an operator as an individual service. 38. ## [GM37 Annex I (Definitions)](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm37-annex-i-definitions) VEMS OPERATING SITE (Definition (139)) Operating sites used in VEMS training are considered VEMS operating sites. 39. ## [GM38 Annex I (Definitions)](https://avioverse.aero/regulations/easa/air-ops/definitions/powers-and-recitals/gm38-annex-i-definitions) VERTIPORT (Definition (140)) A vertiport is considered a type of aerodrome. Consolidated from the EASA Easy Access Rules (revision 27 Mar 2026, extracted 13 Oct 2026) for convenience. Not the official publication — verify against the Official Journal of the European Union and the EASA publications before operational use. Share [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Favioverse.aero%2Fregulations%2Feasa%2Fair-ops%2Fdefinitions%2Fpowers-and-recitals)[X](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Favioverse.aero%2Fregulations%2Feasa%2Fair-ops%2Fdefinitions%2Fpowers-and-recitals\&text=Powers%20and%20recitals%20%E2%80%94%20Air%20OPS)